Resistance of Salmonella typhi to chloramphenicol : Part I A preliminary report

Br, Murti; Rajyalakshmi, K; Cs, Bhaskaran

doi:10.1136/jcp.15.6.544

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The predominant phage types among indigenous isolates in the 1970's [29] were BI, Dl and A and continued to be so in the 1980's while the predominant phage types in the neighbouring countries of Malaysia were A, El and Dl [30] and Indonesia were I + lV, D2 and A [31], with phage type A being common in all three countries. Since chloramphenicol resistance in S. typhi was reported in England in 1950 [32], it has spread eastwards to Greece, Israel, Africa and India in the 1960's [33][34][35][36][37] and to Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia in the 1970's [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore

1993

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A total of 1452 cases of typhoid fever was notified in Singapore from 1980-9. The morbidity rates of indigenous cases showed a steady decline from 5.9 per 100,000 population in 1980 to 1.2 per 100,000 population in 1989. The mean case fatality was 0.8%. Children, adolescents and young adults were most susceptible to typhoid fever. There was no significant difference in morbidity rates between the major ethnic groups. The vast majority of indigenous cases were sporadic while outbreaks accounted for almost one third of them. Food was the main vehicle of transmission. The commonest indigenous phage types were B1, D1 and A. Antimicrobial resistance was infrequently seen. The proportion of imported cases rose from 32% in 1980 to 72% in 1989. Almost half (48.5%) of all imported cases were local residents who contracted typhoid fever while travelling in endemic countries. As imported cases assume greater importance in the epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore, further drop in typhoid fever incidence would require reduction of travel-related cases through greater awareness of food hygiene and effective vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore

1993

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“…Although there is a negligible risk of Introduction Chloramphenicol resistance in Salmonella typhi was apparently first reported in England (Colquhoun and Weetch, 1950). It was subsequently observed in India (Murti et al, 1962), West Africa (Njoku-Obi and Njoku-Obi, 1965), and Greece and Israel (Kontomichalou, 1967;Sompolinsky et al, 1967). The resistance in the last two instances was caused by a transferable extrachromosomal element known as a resistance factor or R factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloramphenicol Resistance in the Typhoid Bacillus

Anderson¹,

Smith²

1972

BMJ

124

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“…Prior to the mid-1970s, chloramphenicol was the mainstay of treatment of enteric fever (315)(316)(317). However, reports on chloramphenicol-resistant isolates began to appear before 1970 (318,319). In 1972, the first epidemic caused by a chloramphenicol-resistant strain was reported from Mexico (320).…”

Section: Other Laboratory Findings In Enteric Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica , initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.

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Resistance of Salmonella typhi to chloramphenicol : Part I A preliminary report

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore

Epidemiology of typhoid fever in Singapore

Chloramphenicol Resistance in the Typhoid Bacillus

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

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