Resistance to ETEC F4/F18–mediated piglet diarrhoea: opening the gene black box

Sinha, Rekha; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan; Shrivastava, Kush; Kumar, Pushpendra; Qureshi, Salauddin; De, Ujjwal Kumar; Kumar, Amit; Kumar, Gandham Venkata Papa Pydi Siva Ravi; Bhushan, Bharat

doi:10.1007/s11250-019-01934-x

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Worldwide, E. coli is considered as one of the most critical pathogens for pigs in the weaning period due to its ability to adhere to the epithelium of the intestine and secrete enterotoxins [ 21 , 23 ]. Coliform bacteria were counted in the present study to explore the potential mechanism of combined IgY and PM decreasing the incidence of PWD of weaned piglets challenged with E. coli K88.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we hypothesized that combinations of IgY and PM might improve intestinal function, and subsequently contributing to weanling piglet’s growth and health. Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) has been described as one of the most important pathogens for piglets suffering PWD [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], causing severe inflammatory processes and disrupting gut morphology, which can increase morbidity and mortality of piglets [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Moreover, previous studies have used piglets challenged with E. coli K88 as a weaning stress model [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Replacing in-Feed Antibiotic Growth Promoters with a Combination of Egg Immunoglobulins and Phytomolecules on the Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli K88

Han

Zhan

Tang

et al. 2021

Animals

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The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) with an egg immunoglobulin (IgY) combined with phytomolecules (PM) on the growth rate, serum immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88). A total of 192 piglets were weaned at 28 days old with an average weight of 7.29 (± 0.04) kg. They were randomly divided into four treatments containing eight replicates with six piglets per replicate. The treatment groups were NC and PC fed a basal diet, AGP fed a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, 50 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium, and 40 mg/kg zinc bacitracin, IPM fed a basal diet supplemented with IgY at dose of 2.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg and PM at dose of 300 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg during days 1 to 17 and 18 to 42, respectively. On days 7 to 9 of the experiment, piglets in the PC, AGP, and IPM groups were orally challenged with 20 mL E. coli K88 (109 CFU/mL), while piglets in the NC group were challenged with 20 mL medium without E. coli K88. The E. coli K88 challenge model was successful as the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) of piglets challenged with E. coli K88 was significantly higher than that of those unchallenged piglets during the challenge time (days 7 to 9) and days 1 to 7 of post-challenge (p < 0.05). A diet with combinations of IgY and PM and AGPs significantly decreased the incidence of PWD during the challenge time and days 1 to 7 of post-challenge (p < 0.05) compared to the PC group and significantly improved the ratio of feed to weight gain (F:G) during days 1 to 17 of the experiment compared to the NC and PC groups (p < 0.05). In comparison with the PC group, piglets in the IPM group had significantly higher serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM (p < 0.05), but lower serum IL-1β on day 17 of experiement (p < 0.05). Besides, diet supplementation with AGP significantly decreased serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α on days 17 and 42 (p < 0.05) with comparison to the PC group. Piglets in the IPM group showed a significantly lower level of fecal coliforms (p < 0.05), but a higher villus height of jejunum and ileum and higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05) than those piglets in the PC group. In summary, diet supplementation with a mixture of IgY and PM decreased the incidence of PWD and coliforms, increased feed conversion ratio, and improved intestinal histology and immune function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Replacing in-Feed Antibiotic Growth Promoters with a Combination of Egg Immunoglobulins and Phytomolecules on the Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli K88

Han

Zhan

Tang

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Subsequently, ETEC secretes host-damaging toxins such as heat-labile (LT) and/or heatstable (ST) enterotoxins, which give rise to intestinal symptoms such as diarrhea [3,4].…”

Section: Introduction 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of host, colonization of the intestinal epithelia is an essential first step in the pathogenesis of ETEC infection mediated by a variety of colonization factors (CFs) [2]. Subsequently, ETEC secretes host-damaging toxins such as heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, which give rise to intestinal symptoms such as diarrhea [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological survey on pigs and cattle for novel K88 (F4)-like colonization factor detected in human enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli

Tanimoto

Inoue

Komatsu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that express various fimbrial or nonfimbrial colonization factors and enterotoxins are critical causes of diarrheal diseases. Human ETEC serotype O169:H41 (O169) has been a representative of epidemic ETEC worldwide; the organism shows massive adherence to HEp-2 cells similar to enteroaggregative E. coli. Previously, we determined the complete sequence of the unstable virulence plasmid, pEntYN10. The plasmid included a unique set of genes encoding a novel colonization factor (CF) resembling K88 (F4) of porcine ETEC, in addition to CS6, a well-known representative CF of human ETEC, and another novel CF similar to CS8 (CFA/III) of human ETEC. To determine whether the K88-like CF (after this, K88 O169) allows the organisms to infect domestic animals like the original K88-harboring strains that can cause diarrhea in piglets, samples were tested for antibodies against recombinant proteins of possible paralogous adhesins, FaeG1 and FaeG2, from K88O169 and the FaeG of typical K88 (F4). The seroepidemiological study using recombinant antigens (two paralogs FaeG1 and FaeG2 from K88O169) showed reactivity of porcine (18.0%) and bovine (17.1%) sera to K88O169 FaeG1 and/or FaeG2 antigens on indirect ELISA tests. These results suggest that E. coli with K88O169 adhesin can infect various hosts, including pigs and cattle. This is the first report of domestic animals having antibodies to K88O169 of human ETEC. Although human ETEC had been thought to be distinguished from those of domestic animals based on colonization factors, zoonotic strains may conceal themselves among human ETEC organisms. The concept of One Health should be adopted to intervene in ETEC infections among animals and humans.

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“…Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are relevant pathogens of both humans and farm animals [1,2]. In particular, ETEC associated diarrhea causes a major percentage of the children annual death rate (525/100,000 children) but, however, there is no licensed vaccine against ETEC for humans [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Passive Immunity in Escherichia coli ETEC-Challenged Neonatal Mice Conferred by Orally Immunized Dams with Nanoparticles Containing Homologous Outer Membrane Vesicles

et al. 2020

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of illness and death in mammals, including neonatal, recently weaned pigs and infant human beings. We have previously shown that outer membrane vesicles (OMV) obtained from ETEC serotypes encapsulated into zein nanoparticles, coated with a Gantrez-mannosamine polymer conjugate (OMV-NP), were immunogenic in mice and sows. In the present study, we show that pups from vaccinated mice were protected against ETEC F4 serotype challenge through maternal passive immunization. OMV from F4 cultures were collected and characterized. Two-week-pregnant BALB/c mice were orally immunized with a single dose of vesicles (0.2 mg) either free (OMV) or encapsulated into nanoparticles (OMV-NP). Evaluation of the antibodies in serum (IgG1, Ig2a or IgA) and feces (IgA) of dams immunized with OMV-NP revealed an enhancement of specific immunogenicity. The antibody response conferred by the nanoparticle adjuvant was also correlated with IL-6 and IL-10 splenic levels. Each mother was allowed to feed her progeny for one week. Suckling pups presented specific IgA in feces demonstrating their passive immunization through colostrum intake. Two weeks after the pups were born, they were infected orally with a single dose of F4 E. coli (1.2 × 108 CFU/pup). Results showed that 70% of the pups from dams immunized with OMV-NP were protected. In contrast, 80% of the pups from dams immunized with free OMV died as a result of the experimental challenge. These findings support the use of zein nanoparticles coated with a Gantrez-mannosamine shield as adjuvant delivery system for the oral immunization during pregnancy to confer immunity to the offspring through maternal immunization

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Resistance to ETEC F4/F18–mediated piglet diarrhoea: opening the gene black box

Cited by 22 publications

References 120 publications

Effect of Replacing in-Feed Antibiotic Growth Promoters with a Combination of Egg Immunoglobulins and Phytomolecules on the Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli K88

Effect of Replacing in-Feed Antibiotic Growth Promoters with a Combination of Egg Immunoglobulins and Phytomolecules on the Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Weaned Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli K88

Seroepidemiological survey on pigs and cattle for novel K88 (F4)-like colonization factor detected in human enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli

Protective Passive Immunity in Escherichia coli ETEC-Challenged Neonatal Mice Conferred by Orally Immunized Dams with Nanoparticles Containing Homologous Outer Membrane Vesicles

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