Resolvin D1: A key endogenous inhibitor of neuroinflammation

Abstract

After the initiation of inflammation, a series of processes start to resolve the inflammation. A group of endogenous lipid mediators, namely specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators is at the top list of inflammation resolution. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), is one of the lipid mediators with significant anti‐inflammatory properties. It is produced from docosahexaenoic acid (omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the body. In this article, we aimed to review the most recent findings concerning the pharmacological effects of RvD1 in the central nervous system with a focus on major neurological diseases and dysfunctions. A literature review of the past studies demonstrated that RvD1 plasma level changes during mania, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, RVD1 and its epimer, aspirin‐triggered RvD1 (AT‐RvD1), have significant therapeutic effects on experimental models of ischemic and traumatic brain injuries, memory dysfunction, pain, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of RvD1 and AT‐RvD1 were mostly induced at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations implying the significant potency of these lipid mediators in treating diseases with inflammation.

Genetic deletion of hormone‐sensitive lipase in mice reduces cerebral blood flow but does not aggravate the impact of diet‐induced obesity on memory

“…PGD2 has been proposed to participate in diabetes‐associated brain dysfunction (Yang et al., 2021). Resolvin D1, which is a lipid mediator with anti‐inflammatory properties (Roohbakhsh et al., 2022), was found reduced in the hippocampus, together with its precursor 17‐HDoHE, by HSL deletion upon HFD but not CD feeding. In addition to supporting previous observations on changed levels of the endocannabioids AEA and 2‐LG in the brain of HSL−/− mice (Skoug et al., 2022), we now observed that levels of several acylethanolamides tended to increase in the hippocampus with HSL deletion, namely PEA, OEA, and SEA.…”

The role of ATP‐binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in Alzheimer's disease: A review of the mechanisms

“…44 Similar to TBI, inflammation and apoptosis are key processes involved in AD pathology. [145][146][147] Of note, the underlying mechanism for some compounds with therapeutic potential in AD is apoptosis inhibition. 148,149 As mentioned before, several studies have shown cholesterol efflux is impaired in AD patients.…”

“…As a result, ABCG1‐KO mice showed memory deficits, motor dysfunction and brain lesion volume more than control TBI mice 44 . Similar to TBI, inflammation and apoptosis are key processes involved in AD pathology 145–147 . Of note, the underlying mechanism for some compounds with therapeutic potential in AD is apoptosis inhibition 148,149 .…”

Declined Serum Resolvin D1 Levels to Predict Severity and Prognosis of Human Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…6 Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is apparently recognized as one of the lipid mediators and holds relatively potent antiinflammatory activities. 7 It is generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phospholipid-rich tissues. 8 A significant reduction of RvD1 expressions was proved in rat brain tissues after subarachnoid hemorrhage.…”