Resonant SAW torque sensor for wind turbines

Kalinin, V.; Leigh, A.; Stopps, Alexander; Artigao, Estefanía

doi:10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702093

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For instance, wireless strain sensors have been demonstrated for medical applications to monitor human biological factors, thus avoiding invasive wired techniques [1]- [3]. Interest has also been expressed for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications where wired strain sensors cannot be used due to moving parts or where wire weight and routing are a concern [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Humphries

Malocha

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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Wireless sensors offer a unique solution for many applications where wired designs may not be feasible. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a passive, wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensor using orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for the device identification. The sensor operates at a frequency of 915 MHz with a bandwidth of 68 MHz. A vector network analyzer is used to interrogate the sensor from a range of 60 cm (2 ft), with further range possible by increased transmitter output power or averaging. The sensor is bonded directly to a steel cantilever test structure and could be attached directly to other structures. An external connection site facilitates an antenna, with bond wires joining the connection site to the SAW die. A 3-D printed package protects the sensor while allowing the antenna to be mounted externally from the sensor package. Experimental results show that the wireless SAW strain sensor performs comparably to a wired, commercial strain gage. In addition, the strain sensitivity is extracted for this SAW OFC strain sensor embodiment which describes the frequency shift with the applied strain (−1.80 ppm/με).Index Terms-Wireless sensor, saw sensor, surface acoustic wave (saw), structural health monitoring (shm), saw strain sensor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Humphries

Malocha

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…SAW strain sensors have been developed and manufactured in low volumes for a number of applications, in particular for passive wireless sensing of torque, force, strain in automotive and power generation industries [1][2][3]. Acceptance of wireless SAW strain sensors for high volume applications depends on their proven stability and durability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and durability of resonant SAW strain sensors

Kalinin¹,

Leigh²,

Stopps³

2016

2016 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF)

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Resonant SAW strain sensing elements used in noncontact torque, force and vibration sensors are investigated from the point of view of their stability and durability. Results of fatigue testing of the SAW sensing elements bonded to metal shafts with a stiff adhesive are presented. They demonstrate the sensor durability and stability of the strain sensitivity up to 13 million strain cycles. Stability of the frequency of the SAW differential resonant sensing elements is also investigated demonstrating an estimated sensor zero drift of 0.8-0.15 microstrain per year.

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“…These waves have two particle displacement components, one parallel to the propagation direction and the other one perpendicular to the substrate surface, showing an elliptical motion. Among other applications, SAW-based torque sensors are commonly applied to torque transmissions in various fields such as automobile [9,10], watercraft [11], power system [12], and industrial fabrication [5,13], which play an important role in modern society. Here, some recent literature is reviewed below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Model for SH-SAW Torque Sensors

Jiang

Chen

Cho

2019

Sensors

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In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA) model for shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) torque sensors is presented. Torque sensors play a significant role in various fields to ensure a reliable torque transmission in drivelines. Featuring the advantages of high propagation velocity, large Q-value, and good power capacity, SH-SAW-based torque sensors are promising but very few studies have been carried out. In order to develop a successful sensor, understanding the characteristics of SH-SAWs produced on piezoelectric substrates and torque sensing modes is indispensable. Therefore, in this study, we first investigated the effect on the generation of waves when different Y-cut quartz substrates are engaged. Thereafter, analyses and comparisons regarding the effect on the polarized displacement, wave guidance, and wave mode were conducted for different configurations of wave-guide layer thickness to wavelength ratios (hlayer/λ) and materials. The results showed that Y-cut quartz at an angle close to 36° with a gold (Au) layer varying from hAu/λ = 0.02 to 0.03 thickness could be the most effective configuration for the excitation of SH-SAWs, compared to other combinations using platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Finally, based on the FEA SH-SAW torque sensor model configured with a Y + 36° quartz substrate and 0.025 λ-thick gold layer, the relationship between the applied torque and sensed voltage was examined, which shows a perfect linearity demonstrating the performance of the sensors.

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Resonant SAW torque sensor for wind turbines

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Stability and durability of resonant SAW strain sensors

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Model for SH-SAW Torque Sensors

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