Respiratory health effects associated with ambient sulfates and ozone in two rural Canadian communities

Stern, Bonnie; Jones, Linda E.; Raizenne, Mark; Burnett, Richard T.; Méranger, J. C.; Franklin, Claire A.

doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(89)80019-2

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A number of studies have examined the relationships between ambient air quality and respiratory health effects (Detels et al, 1987;Abbey et al, 1991;Schwartz et al, 1994;Brunekreef et al, 1995;Pope et al, 1995a, b;Kunzli et al, 1997;McConnell et al, 1999;Norris et al, 1999). One approach to investigating these relationships is to collect environmental data coincidentally with health data so that the environmental data can directly support analysis of health outcomes (Stern et al, 1989;Thurston et al, 1992;Schwartz et al, 1994;Linn et al, 1996;Vedal et al, 1998;Peters et al, 1999). As studies of this type are costly, they are typically conducted over relatively confined areas with small sample sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data

Wong

Yuan

Perlin

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

311

159

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We recognized that many health outcomes are associated with air pollution, but in this project launched by the US EPA, the intent was to assess the role of exposure to ambient air pollutants as risk factors only for respiratory effects in children. The NHANES-III database is a valuable resource for assessing children's respiratory health and certain risk factors, but lacks monitoring data to estimate subjects' exposures to ambient air pollutants. Since the 1970s, EPA has regularly monitored levels of several ambient air pollutants across the country and these data may be used to estimate NHANES subject's exposure to ambient air pollutants. The first stage of the project eventually evolved into assessing different estimation methods before adopting the estimates to evaluate respiratory health. Specifically, this paper describes an effort using EPA's AIRS monitoring data to estimate ozone and PM10 levels at census block groups. We limited those block groups to counties visited by NHANES-III to make the project more manageable and apply four different interpolation methods to the monitoring data to derive air concentration levels. Then we examine method-specific differences in concentration levels and determine conditions under which different methods produce significantly different concentration values. We find that different interpolation methods do not produce dramatically different estimations in most parts of the US where monitor density was relatively low. However, in areas where monitor density was relatively high (i.e., California), we find substantial differences in exposure estimates across the interpolation methods. Our results offer some insights into terms of using the EPA monitoring data for the chosen spatial interpolation methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data

Wong

Yuan

Perlin

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

311

159

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“…In Canada, several reports have been published linking air pollution to adverse population health in cities based on data that were collected in the 1980s and early 1990s [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Positive associations between short-term air pollutants and daily hospital admissions for cardiac and respiratory diseases using more current data (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) in Windsor were obtained by Fung et al [16] and Luginaah et al [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These reports have consistently shown that Southwestern Ontario is second to none as a 'hot spot' in terms of air pollution in Canada. Communities in this region are exposed to repeated episodes of long-range transport of air pollutants [12,18,19]. In this area, transported air pollution is characterized by low levels of primary gaseous pollutants (SO 2 and NO 2 ) and moderately elevated concentrations of particles and ozone [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Communities in this region are exposed to repeated episodes of long-range transport of air pollutants [12,18,19]. In this area, transported air pollution is characterized by low levels of primary gaseous pollutants (SO 2 and NO 2 ) and moderately elevated concentrations of particles and ozone [12]. According to Stern et al, episodes of elevated sulphate and ozone concentrations occur frequently throughout the region, especially during the summer and early fall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air pollution and daily hospitalization rates for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in London, Ontario

Fung

Luginaah

Gorey

et al. 2005

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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In this paper, we examine the role that ambient air pollution plays in exacerbating cardiovascular and respiratory disease hospitalization in London, Ontario from 1 November 1995 to 31 December 2000. The number of daily cardiac and respiratory admissions was linked to concentrations of air pollutants (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, coefficient of haze, PM 10 ) and weather variables (maximum and minimum of temperature and humidity). Results showed that current day carbon monoxide and coefficient of haze produced significant percentage increase in daily cardiac admissions of 8.0% (95% CI: 1.5-11.5%) and 5.7% (95% CI: 0.9-10.8%) for people < 65 years old. PM 10 was found to be significantly associated with asthma admission in the > 65 group, with percentage increase in cardiac admission of 25% (95% CI: 2.8-52.3%) and 26.0% (95% CI: 5.3-50.9%) for current day and 2-day means, respectively.

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“…Inhalation of PM-10 at levels near the state's (50 pg/m3, 24-h average) and below the federal (1 50 pg/m3, 24-h average) ambient air quality standards are associated with increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses (Martin, 1964;Greenburg et al, 1967;Samet et al, 1981;Knight et al, 1989), increased incidences o f asthma attacks (Whittemore & Korn, 1980;Schenker, 1993), increased asthma medication use (Pope et al, 1991 1, reduced pulmonary function (Pope et al, 1991;Stern et al, 1989;Pope & Kanner, 1993), and increased daily mortality (Schwartz, 1991(Schwartz, , 1993Schwartz & Dockery, 1992;Dockery et al, 1993). Exposure to respirable fine particles and sulfates is consistently and significantly associated with reported total annual mortality rates (Ozkaynak & Spengler, 1985;Ozkaynak & Thurston, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Immunologic Injury with PM-10 Inhalation

Kleinman

Bhalla

Mautz

et al. 1995

Inhalation Toxicology

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Respiratory health effects associated with ambient sulfates and ozone in two rural Canadian communities

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data

Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data

Air pollution and daily hospitalization rates for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in London, Ontario

Cellular and Immunologic Injury with PM-10 Inhalation

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