Respon Varietas Unggul Kacang Tanah terhadap Cekaman Salinitas Responses of Groundnut Varieties to Salinity Stress

Abstract

<p>Soil salinity has negative effect on crop growth and crop productivity. Information on the response of groundnut varieties to salinity is required for varietal selection adaptable to saline soil condition. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Iletri), Malang, East Java from July to September 2013. The objective of the research was to study the effect of salinity on groundnut growth.<br />Ten groundnut varieties, consisted of seven varieties of Spanish type and three varieties of Valencia type, were tested on six levels of soil salinity. The treatment combinations were arranged in randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The soil salinity level was obtained by treating soil media using sea water dilution. Observations were made on electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, plant height, leaf chlorophyll content index, shoot<br />and root dry weight, number and dry weight of pods, and number and dry weight of normal seeds. Results showed that increasing the salinity level inhibited both vegetative and generative growth and the critical age to the plants affected by salinity was 45-65days after sowing. All variables of plant growth and yield components decreased with the increase of salinity level. The highest EC value of the soil for groundnut planting to produce pods and seeds was 1.60-1.84 dS/m. Based on the growth variables, varieties of Valencia-type semed to be more tolerant to salinity than did Spanish-type, but there was no tolerance difference based on crop yield and yield components between the two groundnut groups. Higher tolerance of Valencia type was probably due to its ability to absorb and translocate more K in saline conditions. Among the Valencia type varieties tested, Domba variety indicated the most tolerance.</p>

Effect of mulching and amelioration on growth and yield of groundnut on saline soil

“…Salinity tolerance of groundnut varied among genotypes (Singh et al 2007;Singh et al 2008). Taufiq et al (2015) found that pod yield of 10 cultivars decreased by 30-53% at salinity of 1.60-1.84 dS/m and by 59-93% at salinity of 2.95-4.44 dS/m compared to the control.At low salinity level, planting tolerant cultivar is more efficient than amelioration. However, amelioration is needed if the salinity above the level that can be tolerated by crop.…”

“…Soil EC during the trial was >11 dS/m, and it was above the critical level of 3.2 dS/m (Yadav et al, 2011). In pot experiment, groundnut could not perform pod on soil EC 6.5 dS/m (Mungala et al, 2008), on soil EC >1.84 dS/m (Taufiq et al, 2015). On field experiment with soil EC 15.33 dS/m, groundnut of Domba and Hypoma-1 cultivar produced 0.5-0.7 t/ha dry pod (Taufiq et al, 2016).…”

Effect of amelioration on growth and yield of two groundnut varieties on saline soil

“…Yadav et al (2011) found that EC 3.2 dS/m is critical value for groundnut based on yield reduction. From greenhouse trial showed that ten Indonesian groundnut varieties tested failed to produce pod on soil with EC about 2.0 dS/m (Taufiq et al, 2015).…”

Evaluasi Ketahanan Sumber Daya Genetik Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Salinitas

“…Salinitas juga mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan hara dan toksisitas ion sehingga gejala yang muncul pada kedelai adalah daun menguning (klorosis), seperti terbakar di bagian tepi, layu, kering, dan kemudian gugur. Taufiq et al (2015) melaporkan hal yang sama pada kacang tanah dengan perlakuan salinitas. Daun kacang tanah menguning, mengering kemudian gugur yang merupakan indikasi gejala keracunan garam.…”

“…Unsur N dan Mg 2+ merupakan komponen pembentuk klorofil yang berperan dalam fotosintesis, sehingga penurunan serapan unsur-unsur tersebut mengakibatkan pembentukan klorofil terganggu dan fotosintesis terhambat. Cekaman salinitas juga dilaporkan memicu reaksi foto oksidatif yang merusak membran tilakoid kloroplas (Anitha dan Usha 2012, Subramanyam et al 2012, Aini et al 2014, Taufiq et al 2015.…”