<p class="teks">Salinitas menghambat pertumbuhan dan menurunkan produktivitas tanaman. Ameliorasi tanah salin diperlukan untuk mengurangi pengaruh buruk salinitas tanah terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggap kacang hijau terhadap ameliorasi pada tanah salin. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balitkabi Malang pada Maret-Juni 2014 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial, lima ulangan. Faktor I adalah dua tingkat salinitas tanah yaitu: tanah dengan DHL 2-2,3 dS/m dan DHL 2,8-3,2 dS/m. Faktor II adalah pemberian amelioran terdiri atas kontrol, 120 kg K<sub>2</sub>O/ha, 2,5 t/ha dolomit, 2,5 t/ha gipsum, 2,5 t/ha organik. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot kering tajuk dan akar, indeks kandungan klorofil daun, hasil dan komponen hasil, analisis tanah sebelum tanam dan sesudah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan salinitas tanah 2,0-2,3 dS/m dan 2,8-3,2 dS/m berpengaruh buruk terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau. Semua peubah pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil mengalami penurunan akibat peningkatan salinitas kecuali kandungan klorofil daun yang relatif tetap. Pemberian amelioran gipsum dosis 2,5 t/ha berpeluang efektif memperbaiki pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau. Penambahan amelioran yang mengandung K, Ca, dan Mg mampu meningkatkan kandungan hara K, Ca, dan Mg serta memperbaiki keseimbangan K/Na, Ca/Na, dan Mg/Na dalam tanaman, namun tidak efektif mengurangi pengaruh negatif salinitas. Diperlukan pencucian garam dari daerah perakaran untuk menurunkan tingkat salinitas agar sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.</p><p class="teks"> </p><p class="teks"><em>Kata kunci: salinitas, ameliorasi, kacang hijau</em></p>
Groundnut cultivation on saline soil facing complex problems associated with high electrical conductivity (EC), toxic effects of Na cation, imbalance nutrients, and N and P deficiency. Objective of this research was to determine optimum rate of N and P fertilizers for groundnut on saline soil. The trial was conducted on saline soil in Lamongan (EC 8-15 dS/m, pH>8.0, low N, high P) and Tuban (EC 8-16 dS/m, pH>8.0, low N and P) during dry season year 2017. Treatment consisted of two factors, and the combinations were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg N/ha), and the second factor was four P fertilizer rates (0, 36, 72, and 108 kg P 2 O 5 /ha). Results showed that nitrogen fertilization had no effect on plant height, number of filled pod and plant stand, but improved chlorophyll content, increased100 seed weight, harvest index and yield. Phosphorus fertilization had no effect on all parameters observed, except on 100 seed weight and plant stand. The yield response to N fertilization was linear and quadratic, depending on the location. The optimum N rates was 62-69 kg N/ha. The results indicated that N fertilization had more important role than P fertilization for increasing groundnut yield on saline soil, although the growth did not improve.
<p>Soil salinity has negative effect on crop growth and crop productivity. Information on the response of groundnut varieties to salinity is required for varietal selection adaptable to saline soil condition. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Iletri), Malang, East Java from July to September 2013. The objective of the research was to study the effect of salinity on groundnut growth.<br />Ten groundnut varieties, consisted of seven varieties of Spanish type and three varieties of Valencia type, were tested on six levels of soil salinity. The treatment combinations were arranged in randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The soil salinity level was obtained by treating soil media using sea water dilution. Observations were made on electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, plant height, leaf chlorophyll content index, shoot<br />and root dry weight, number and dry weight of pods, and number and dry weight of normal seeds. Results showed that increasing the salinity level inhibited both vegetative and generative growth and the critical age to the plants affected by salinity was 45-65days after sowing. All variables of plant growth and yield components decreased with the increase of salinity level. The highest EC value of the soil for groundnut planting to produce pods and seeds was 1.60-1.84 dS/m. Based on the growth variables, varieties of Valencia-type semed to be more tolerant to salinity than did Spanish-type, but there was no tolerance difference based on crop yield and yield components between the two groundnut groups. Higher tolerance of Valencia type was probably due to its ability to absorb and translocate more K in saline conditions. Among the Valencia type varieties tested, Domba variety indicated the most tolerance.</p>
Productivity of agricultural land in coastal area is limited by salinity. Planting tolerant variety combined with amelioration is an effective management to increase productivity of salt affected land. The objective of this study was to identify effective ameliorant for improving growth and yield of groundnut on saline soil. The trial was conducted on saline soil in Tuban from May to September 2015. The trial consisted of two factors that were arranged in a completely randomized block design, three replications. The first factor was two groundnut varieties (Domba and Hypoma 1). The second factor was six soil ameliorations (control, 120 kg/ha K2O, 2.5 t/ha dolomite, 2,5 t/ha of gypsum, 2.5 t/ha of manure, and 1.5 t/ha of gypsum + 2.5 t/ha of manure). Results showed that Domba and Hypoma 1 varieties could tolerate and completed their life cycle at insitu saline condition. Hypoma 1 was more prospective to be developed in saline condition associated with higher survival as well as better pod setting and seed development than Domba. Combination of gypsum and manure provided better effect than other treatments in improving saline soil, since it reduced exchangeable Na, Na saturation, and EC of soil, and also improved groundnut yield.
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