Response of muscle spindles to stimulation of the sympathetic trunk

Eldred, Earl; Schnitzlein, H. N.; Buchwald, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(60)90044-3

Cited by 58 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Opinions are divided between those who believe that the sympathetically induced modulation of spindle afferent discharge is secondary to vasomotor changes (Eldred, Schnitzlein & Buchwald, 1960) and those who believe that the sympathetic action on spindles is direct (Hunt, 1960;Hunt, Jami & Laporte, 1982;Passatore, Grassi & Filippi, 1985 b;references in Staderini & Ambrogi Lorenzini, 1969). However, the differing extent of the effects observed in various muscles leaves open the question of whether or not the sympathetic action plays a significant role in motor function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Grassi

Deriu

Passatore

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In precollicular decerebrate rabbits we investigated the effect of sympathetic stimulation, at frequencies within the physiological range, on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) elicited in jaw closing muscles by small amplitude vibrations applied to the mandible um,. The EMG activity was recorded bilaterally from masseter muscle and the force developed by the reflex was measured through an isometric transducer connected with the mandibular symphysis.2. Unilateral stimulation of the peripheral stump of the cervical sympathetic nerve (CSN) consistently elicited a 30-45 % reduction of the tension developed by the TVR, and a marked decrease or disappearance of the ipsilateral EMG activity. No significant changes were detected in the EMG contralateral to the stimulated nerve. Bilateral CSN stimulation reduced by 60-90 % the force reflexly produced by the jaw closing muscles and strongly decreased or suppressed EMG activity on both sides. This effect was often preceded by a transient TVR enhancement, very variable in amplitude and duration, which was concomitant with the modest increase in pulmonary ventilation induced by the sympathetic stimulation.3. During bilateral CSN stimulation, an increase in the vibration amplitude by a factor of 1-5-2-5 was sufficient to restore the TVR reduced by sympathetic stimulation.4. The depressant action exerted by sympathetic activation on the TVR is mediated by a-adrenergic receptors, since it was almost completely abolished by the i.v. administration of either phentolamine or prazosin, this last drug being a selective antagonist of ax-adrenoceptors. The sympathetically induced decrease in the TVR was not mimicked by manoeuvres producing a large and sudden reduction or abolition of the blood flow to jaw muscles, such as unilateral or bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery.5. The effect of sympathetic stimulation was not significantly modified after denervation of the inferior dental arch and/or anaesthesia of the temporomandibular joint, i.e. after having reduced the afferent input from those receptors, potentially affected by CSN stimulation, which can elicit either a jaw opening reflex or a decrease in the activity of the jaw elevator muscle motoneurons. MS 1771C. GRASSI, F. DERIU AND M. PASSATORE 6. These data suggest that, when the sympathetic nervous system is activated under physiological conditions, there is a marked depression of the stretch reflex which is independent of vasomotor changes and is probably due to a decrease in sensitivity of muscle spindle afferents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Grassi

Deriu

Passatore

1993

The Journal of Physiology

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“…It was also noted that a temporal relation existed between changes in the adrenaline-induced systemic blood pressure and the enhanced corpuscular responsiveness. Other mechanoreceptors have been described which change sensitivity owing to alterations in local circulation following sympathetic stimulation or adrenaline injection (Eldred, Schnitzlein & Buchwald, 1960) or after sympathetic stimulation or local application of adrenaline in the absence of circulation (Loewenstein, 1956;Loewenstein & Altamirano-Orrego, 1956;Hunt, 1960). In any case, it seems likely that the response pattern noted in the dorsal root fibres following intravenous injections of adrenaline was partially the result of changes in sense-organ sensitivity to the effective stimulus.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Receptors Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors supplied by spinal nerves which respond to cardiovascular changes and adrenaline

Leitner¹,

Perl²

1964

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Nilsson (1972) was mostly unsuccessful in mimicking his effects with i.v. noradrenaline but could block the effects of sympathetic stimulation with an a-blocker as could Eldred et al (1960) and Matthews (1976). In this study intravenous phentolamine prevented sympathetic modulation of previously modulated receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When sympathetic stimulation has been found to modulate afferent activity the effects have sometimes been mimicked by injection ofadrenaline and/or noradrenaline (Loewenstein, 1956;Eldred, et al 1960;Hunt, 1960;Matthews, 1976). Nilsson (1972) was mostly unsuccessful in mimicking his effects with i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sympathetic stimulation has been shown to alter afferent input from a variety of receptors: muscle spindles (Eldred, Schnitzlein & Buchwald, 1960;Hunt, 1960), cutaneous mechanoreceptors in frogs (Loewenstein, 1956;Chernetski, 1964;Calof, Jones & Roberts, 1981), cutaneous cold receptors in frogs (Spray, 1974), cutaneous mechanoreceptors and guard hair receptors in cats (Pierce & Roberts, 1981), and cat's vibrissae (Nilsson, 1972). Sympathetic stimulation affects peripheral gustatory activity (Chernetski, 1964) and can alter impulse frequency in nerves from tooth pulp (Edwall & Scott, 1971;Matthews, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on intra‐oral mechanoreceptor activity in the cat

Cash

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Micro-electrode recordings were made from intra-oral mechanoreceptor neurones in the trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve in the cat.2. The effect of cervical sympathetic trunk stimulation on the discharge of the mechanoreceptors to a controlled force was observed.3. Almost half of the mechanoreceptor neurones studied were modulated by sympathetic stimulation. Sympathetic stimulation both decreased the impulse frequency to a controlled force application and raised the threshold in these receptors. The remainder were unaffected by sympathetic stimulation.4. In previous studies involving recordings from either the trigeminal ganglion or mesencephalic nucleus no spontaneously active slowly adapting intra-oral mechanoreceptors have been observed, yet in peripheral alveolar nerve studies many workers have reported spontaneously discharging neurones. In the present study spontaneous activity has been recorded from intra-oral mechanoreceptors both in the trigeminal ganglion and in the mesencephalic nucleus after cutting the cervical sympathetic trunk. The spontaneous activity could be abolished in all cases but one, by sympathetic stimulation. It is suggested that reported spontaneous activity from intra-oral mechanoreceptors could be due to cutting the peripheral nerve and therefore the sympathetic supply, thus removing an inhibitory influence from the sensory unit. The means by which the sympathetic supply inhibits the sensory unit has not been resolved.

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Response of muscle spindles to stimulation of the sympathetic trunk

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the tonic vibration reflex in rabbit jaw closing muscles.

Receptors supplied by spinal nerves which respond to cardiovascular changes and adrenaline

Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on intra‐oral mechanoreceptor activity in the cat

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