Response of Vitis vinifera cell cultures to Eutypa lata and Trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates: expression of defence-related genes and phenotypes

Abstract

Cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Dauphine berries were used to study the response to the vascular pathogen, Eutypa lata, in comparison with a biological control agent, Trichoderma atroviride, that was previously shown to be effective in pruning wound protection. The expression of genes coding for enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was profiled over a 48-h period using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The cell cultures responded to elicitors of both fungi with a hypersensitive-like response that lead to a decrease in cell viability. Similar genes were triggered by both the pathogen and biocontrol agent, but the timing patterns and magnitude of expression was dependent on the specific fungal elicitor. Culture filtrates of both fungi caused upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumaroyl Co-A ligase (CCo-A) and stilbene synthase (STS), and a downregulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. The pathogen filtrate caused a biphasic pattern in the upregulation of PAL and STS genes which was not observed in cells treated with filtrates of the biocontrol agent. Analytical assays showed significantly higher total phenolic content and chitinolytic enzyme activity in the cell cultures treated with the T. atroviride filtrate compared to the pathogen filtrate. These results corresponded well to the higher expression of PAL and chitinase class IV genes. The response of the cell cultures to T. atroviride filtrate provides support for the notion that the wound protection by the biocontrol agent at least partially relies on the induction of grapevine resistance mechanisms.

Transcriptional response of grapevine to infection with the fungal pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae

“…5). These outcomes were consistent with a previous study in which the PAL and 4CL genes of grapevine cells showed increased expression at 6 hpi when treated with Eutypa lata filtrates 71 . Similar results were also reported in rice, in which all of the transcripts encoding PAL were up-regulated during the early infection stage of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.…”

Comparison of the Molecular Responses of Tolerant, Susceptible and Highly Susceptible Grapevine Cultivars During Interaction With the Pathogenic Fungus Eutypa lata

“…For example, Camps et al (2010) reported an up-regulation of several genes encoding PR-proteins (thaumatin and osmotin, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase) in leaves of infected rooted cuttings (Carbernet-Sauvignon) artificially infected with E. lata . This result has been further confirmed by the work of Mutawila et al (2017) that showed that the elicitation of cell suspension culture of V . vinifera cv Dauphine with E. lata culture filtrate resulted in an induction of VvPR2 (β-1,3-glucanase), VvPR5 (thaumatin and osmotin-like proteins), VvPR3 and VvPR4 (chitinase), and VvPR6 (protease inhibitor, PIN).…”

Burdock fructooligosaccharides inhibits postharvest colour development in grape skins by altering phenylpropanoid fluxes from anthocyanin to the resistance‐related phenolic substances

“…In Salvia miltiorrhiza , the silencing of the CHS gene enhanced the concentration of the resistance‐related phenolic substances and decreased the concentration of flavonoids (Schenke et al ). The changes from flavonoid synthesis to stilbenes via CHS downregulation and STS upregulation were observed in grape cell culture in response to fungal elicitors (Mutawila et al ). In another study of grapes in response to abiotic stresses (postharvest dehydration), the results of a microarray‐based transcriptomic analysis showed that genes involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway were induced, whereas genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis ( CHS , F3H and LDOX ) were downregulated.…”

“…The biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been demonstrated to be regulated by altering metabolic fluxes, including the biosynthesis of trans ‐resveratrol and lignin in different mechanisms (Chen et al ). In response to fungal elicitors in grape cell culture, CHS was downregulated and STS was upregulated and the concentration of flavonoids decreased, whereas the concentration of stilbene increased (Mutawila et al ). In strawberry fruits, downregulation of CHS expression led to the phenylpropanoid fluxes from anthocyanin to lignin (Chen et al ).…”