Response of western Oregon (USA) stream temperatures to contemporary forest management

Groom, Jeremiah D.; Dent, Liz; Madsen, Lisa; Fleuret, Jennifer Marie

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.012

Cited by 67 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Solar radiation reaching the stream is influenced by different topographic factors, including the prevailing riparian vegetation buffer, which can decrease incoming energy by up to 95% (Rutherford et al, 1997;Moore et al, 2005;DeWalle, 2010). During summer heatwave periods in particular, solar energy plays a key role in influencing stream energy heat budget, and consequently stream water temperature (Johnson, 2004;Leach and Moore, 2010;Groom et al, 2011). Hence shading through riparian vegetation, primarily in small to medium sized and slowly flowing lowland rivers, is often most relevant to avoid excessive heating in order to mitigate adverse effects on the ecosystem (Ghermandi et al, 2009;He et al, 2011;Holzapfel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river

Kalny

Laaha

Melcher

et al. 2017

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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-Stream water temperature limits the growth and survival of aquatic organisms; whereby riparian shading plays a key role in inhibiting river warming. This study explains the effects of riparian shading on summer water temperatures at a pre-alpine Austrian river, during heatwave and nonheatwave periods at low flow conditions. A vegetation-shading index was introduced for the quantification of riparian vegetation effects on water temperature. For maximum water temperatures, a downstream warming of 3.9°C was observed in unshaded areas, followed by a downstream cooling of 3.5°C in shaded reaches. Water temperature directly responded to air temperature and cloudiness. For an air temperature change of 2°C we modelled a water temperature change of 1.3°C for unshaded reaches, but lower changes for intensively shaded reaches. Similar daily variations at shaded reaches were up to 4°C lower than unshaded ones. This study gives clear evidence that for a medium-sized prealpine river, restoration practices should consider that discontinuity of riparian vegetation should be less than 6000 m; with more than 40% dense vegetation in order to minimize water temperature increases due to unshaded conditions. Keywords: riparian vegetation / vegetation-shading index / water temperature / river vegetation management / restorationRésumé -L'influence de la végétation rivulaire sur la température de l'eau pendant les conditions de faible débit dans une rivière de taille moyenne. La température de l'eau d'une rivière limite la croissance et la survie des organismes aquatiques ; de ce fait l'ombrage rivulaire joue un rôle clé dans la limitation du réchauffement des rivières. Cette étude analyse les effets de l'ombrage rivulaire sur les températures estivales de l'eau dans une rivière autrichienne préalpine, pendant les périodes de canicule et de non-canicule à faible débit. Un indice d'ombrage de la végétation a été introduit pour la quantification des effets de la végétation rivulaire sur la température de l'eau. Pour les températures maximales de l'eau, un réchauffement en aval de 3,9°C a été observé dans les zones non ombragées, suivi d'un refroidissement en aval de 3,5°C dans les zones ombragées. La température de l'eau a répondu directement à la température de l'air et à la nébulosité. Pour un changement de température de l'air de 2°C, nous avons modélisé un changement de température de l'eau de 1,3°C pour les zones non ombragées, mais des changements plus faibles pour les niveaux intensivement ombragés. Des variations quotidiennes semblables dans des zones ombragées étaient jusqu'à 4°C inférieures à celles non ombragées. Cette étude montre clairement que pour une rivière préalpine de taille moyenne, les pratiques de restauration devraient considérer que la discontinuité de la végétation riveraine doit être

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river

Kalny

Laaha

Melcher

et al. 2017

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such considerations can be incorporated using the same type of terrain analysis of additional topographic and vegetation attributes and other appropriate models and data. For example, intrinsic fish habitat potential can be estimated using channel slope, valley constraint (valley width/channel width), and mean annual flow (e.g., ; large wood supply to streams can be estimated using a tree height layer and tree mortality rates (e.g., Benda et al, 2015b;Flitcroft et al, 2016); and thermal loading to streams and effects of riparian shade can be estimated from a vegetation basal area and height layer and bare earth radiation calculations (e.g., Groom et al, 2011). Ultimately the various characterizations of intrinsic fish habitat, sediment supply, large wood supply, stream temperature, and other parameters of interest can be overlain and combined into a robust analysis to delineate and prioritize the most beneficial restoration locations across watersheds and landscapes (e.g., Benda et al, 2007).…”

Section: Other Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineating incised stream sediment sources within a San Francisco Bay tributary basin

2016

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Abstract. Erosion and sedimentation pose ubiquitous problems for land and watershed managers, requiring delineation of sediment sources and sinks across landscapes. However, the technical complexity of many spatially explicit erosion models precludes their use by practitioners. To address this critical gap, we demonstrate a contemporary use of applied geomorphometry through a straightforward GIS analysis of sediment sources in the San Francisco Bay Area in California, USA, designed to support erosion reduction strategies. Using 2 m lidar digital elevation models, we delineated the entire river network in the Arroyo Mocho watershed (573 km 2 ) at the scale of ∼ 30 m segments and identified incised landforms using a combination of hillslope gradient and planform curvature. Chronic erosion to the channel network was estimated based on these topographic attributes and the size of vegetation, and calibrated to sediment gage data, providing a spatially explicit estimate of sediment yield from incised channels across the basin. Rates of erosion were summarized downstream through the channel network, revealing patterns of sediment supply at the reach scale. Erosion and sediment supply were also aggregated to subbasins, allowing comparative analyses at the scale of tributaries. The erosion patterns delineated using this approach provide land use planners with a robust framework to design erosion reduction strategies. More broadly, the study demonstrates a modern analysis of important geomorphic processes affected by land use that is easily applied by agencies to solve common problems in watersheds, improving the integration between science and environmental management.

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“…One of the most influential factors regulating stream temperature is riparian vegetation (Caissie, 2006;Groom et al, 2011;Johnson, 2004;Moore et al, 2005;Rutherford et al, 1997). The streamside vegetation buffer width (Clark et al, 1999), vegetation density and average tree height all have a strong influence on stream temperature (Sridhar et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river?

Trimmel

Weihs

Leidinger

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Global warming has already affected European rivers and their aquatic biota, and climate models predict an increase of temperature in central Europe over all seasons. We simulated the influence of expected changes in heat wave intensity during the 21st century on water temperatures of a heavily impacted pre-alpine Austrian river and analysed future mitigating effects of riparian vegetation shade on radiant and turbulent energy fluxes using the deterministic Heat Source model. Modelled stream water temperature increased less than 1.5 • C within the first half of the century. Until 2100, a more significant increase of around 3 • C in minimum, maximum and mean stream temperatures was predicted for a 20-year return period heat event. The result showed clearly that in a highly altered river system riparian vegetation was not able to fully mitigate the predicted temperature rise caused by climate change but would be able to reduce water temperature by 1 to 2 • C. The removal of riparian vegetation amplified stream temperature increases. Maximum stream temperatures could increase by more than 4 • C even in annual heat events. Such a dramatic water temperature shift of some degrees, especially in summer, would indicate a total shift of aquatic biodiversity. The results demonstrate that effective river restoration and mitigation require re-establishing riparian vegetation and emphasize the importance of land-water interfaces and their ecological functioning in aquatic environments.

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Response of western Oregon (USA) stream temperatures to contemporary forest management

Cited by 67 publications

References 43 publications

The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river

The influence of riparian vegetation shading on water temperature during low flow conditions in a medium sized river

Delineating incised stream sediment sources within a San Francisco Bay tributary basin

Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river?

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