Restoration Measures After the 2011 Tohoku-oki Tsunami and Their Impact on Tsunami Research

Applications of geochemistry in tsunami research: A review

“…In addition, the downward leaching of water-leachable ions was found to be impeded in areas with a low-permeable hard pan, a common feature under rice paddy fields, a process that could prolong the long-lasting impact of tsunami inundation on rice farming (Chagué-Goff et al 2014). Removal of the soil above the hard pan before the laying out of organic-rich uncontaminated soil has been observed in March 2016 in the study area(Chagué-Goff et al 2017) Ono et al (2014). monitored the effect of salinisation on forests and forest soil in Aomori and Miyagi Prefecture, as well as their recovery over a 2 year period and reported a return to original conditions due to frequent rainfall, despite poor irrigation in these areas.…”

“…While they were only seldom observed during follow-up surveys in this area, thick salt crusts, which were dominated by sulphur compounds, were still visible in February 2012, 11 months after the tsunami, in Matsukawaura, Fukushima Prefecture (Chagué-Goff et al 2014 andFig. 6) and attributed to the prolonged ponding of seawater for nearly three months following the event(Goto and Inagaki 2015;Chagué-Goff et al 2017).Ion concentrations decreased with depth (e.g. Chagué-Goto and Inagaki 2015), as did electrical conductivity(Fujikawa et al 2011; Nanzyo 2012).This reflects the downward leaching of saltwater during and after tsunami inundation through the porous sandy tsunami deposits into the underlying soil(Fig.…”

Characteristics of the 2011 Muddy and Organic-rich Tsunami Deposits in the Tohoku Region: An Overview

“…There are only a few published studies investigating or reporting on the preservation potential and postdepositional changes of the 2011 muddy tsunami deposits, and they mostly deal with the preservation potential of the geo chemical signatures (ChaguéGoff et al, 2012a(ChaguéGoff et al, , 2014(ChaguéGoff et al, , 2017(ChaguéGoff et al, , 2018 . ChaguéGoff et al (2012a) reported changes over 5 months (or 7 months after the tsunami) (May 2011, August 2011, October 2011) and showed that waterleachable salts and equivalent total elements (Cl, S) in the mud (up to 4.4 km inland) decreased sig nificantly over time, while K and Ba increased.…”

“…While most if not all of the 2011 tsunami deposit was removed from the Sendai Plain due to restoration measures within a few years after the event (ChaguéGoff et al, 2018) , un disturbed (sandy) deposits could still be found in the north of Honshu Island, in the Aomori Prefecture (Fig. 1c) 7 to 9 years after the 2011 tsunami (Bellanova et al, 2021;Shinozaki et al, 2022) .…”

International Postdisaster Recoveries: Lessons for Puerto Rico on Supply-Chain Management and Recovery Governance

“…134 Through this longer look into history, Japan extends the geological record, both temporally and spatially, in order to refine the recurrence interval of large events, as well as the extent of their impact. 135 This, in turn, helps the government make better hazard assumptions to prepare for the future and improve disaster preparedness and mitigation. 136 In other words, this knowledge drives future planning rather than simply responding to the current disaster.…”