Results of an International Provenance Trial of Cordia alliodora in São Paulo, Brazil at Five and 23 Years of Age

Abstract

Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken (Boraginaceae) is a tropical timber tree of great economic value that occurs in Latin America and through most of the Caribbean. Genetic variation in growth, form and survival of eight Central America provenances - five from a dry zone and three from a wet zone - were studied five and 23 years after establishment in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Significant differences between dry and wet zone provenances were detected for diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), stem form and survival and between provenances within these zones for height, d.b.h., volume and survival. Provenances from the dry zone had higher growth rates than those from the wet zone. Genetic correlations among ages for these traits were positive but not significant, while ranking of provenances based on growth and survival changed significantly from five to 23 years of age, indicating that measuring traits at five years of age may not be a good predictor of the same traits at 23 years of age. Genetic correlations on growth traits measured at the same age were large and significant, suggesting substantial gains could be made through indirect trait selection. At 23 years of age the La Fortuna provenance performed best for all traits, while Nueva Guinea performed worst for growth traits and survival and Tres Piedras for stem form. The species’ poor growth compared to that of other tropical tree species at the same experimental site suggests that C. alliodora is not the best silvicultural option for the Luiz Antonio region.

Recent phylogeographic structure in a widespread ‘weedy’ Neotropical tree species, Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae)

“…Significant differences in quantitative characters (e.g. height, volume, form) between wet‐ and dry‐zone ecotypes have been confirmed in provenance trials (Boshier, 1984; Boshier & Henson, 1997; Sebbenn et al. , 2007).…”

“…, 2007). Dry‐zone ecotypes had greater seedling establishment and initial growth rates in wet and dry sites (Boshier, 1984; Boshier & Henson, 1997; Sebbenn et al. , 2007).…”

“…Populations from areas with a pronounced dry season germinated more quickly, initially showed more vigorous seedling growth, with a longer primary root, and flowered at a younger age than did wet‐zone populations (Boshier, 1984; Boshier & Henson, 1997). In general, however, populations from the wet Caribbean watershed showed the best survival, growth and form in tropical regions (Boshier & Henson, 1997; Sebbenn et al. , 2007).…”

Seleção de espécies e procedências de Pinus para região de Assis, Estado de São Paulo

“…Este resultado indica a possibilidade de se explorar esta variabilidade genética pela seleção massal dentro das procedências de diferentes espécies. Em outros termos, para os caracteres de crescimento, podem-se selecionar indivíduos superiores ou com maior crescimento dentro das procedências das três espécies O padrão observado de distribuição da variabilidade genética neste estudo, com maior variação entre indivíduos dentro de procedências para os caracteres de crescimento esta de acordo com os estudos realizados com Araucaria angustifolia (SEBBENN et al, 2003;, Araucaria cunninghamii (SEB-BENN et al, 2005), Cordia alliodora (SEBBENN et al, 2007), P. oocarpa (ETTORI et al, 2002) Tabela 4. Divergência genética entre espécies, procedências dentro de espécies e dentro de procedências de Pinus.…”

Estimating genetic diversity, mating system and pollen dispersal to inform ex situ conservation of the tree Genipa americana L.

“…This can be done using experimental field designs such as provenance and progeny tests (PTs), which also enable the estimation of genetic variability and heritability of phenotypic traits (Sebbenn, 2006). Such provenance and PTs can be transformed into seed orchards by selecting provenances, progenies, individuals within progenies and seeds that can be used as sources for environmental reforestation (Hodgkin et al ., 2003; Sebbenn et al ., 2007; Bakkali et al ., 2013). Forest reforestation based on seedlings that originate from a large number of seed trees (>25) can also be considered an ex situ conservation strategy (Sebbenn, 2006).…”