Reticulospinal connections with limb and axial motoneurons

Abstract

Responses of motoneurons supplying muscles of the forelimbs, hindlimbs, back, and neck to stimulation of the medial pontomedullary reticular formation were studied with intracellular recording in cerebellectomized cats under chloralose anesthesia. Stimulation of the midline or of a reticular region consisting of nucleus reticularis (n.r.) pontis caudalis and the dorsorostral part of n.r. gigantocellularis produced monosynaptic excitation of ipsilateral motoneurons supplying axial muscles and flexor and extensor muscles in both proximal and distal parts of the limbs. This widespread excitation appears to have been produced by rapidly conducting medial reticulospinal fibers. Stimulation of a second region consisting of n.r. ventralis and the ventrocaudal part of n.r. gigantocellularis produced monosynaptic excitation of ipsilateral neck and back motoneurons but only longer latency, apparently multisynaptic excitation of limb motoneurons. Collision tests indicated that this monosynaptic excitation did not involve fibers descending along the midline. It therefore appears to have been produced by lateral reticulospinal fibers. Reticular stimulation also produced short latency, monosynaptic inhibition of neck motoneurons, long latency, apparently polysynaptic inhibition of limb motoneurons and intermediate latency inhibition of back motoneurons. The latencies and properties of inhibitory responses of back motoneurons indicated that they were produced either disynaptically by fast fibers or monosynaptically by slower fibers. The data indicate that the medial pontomedullary reticular formation can be divided into a number of different zones each with a distinct pattern of connections with somatic motoneurons. These include the dorsorostrally located medial reticulospinal projection area, from which direct excitation of a wide variety of motoneurons can be evoked, the ventrocaudally located lateral reticulospinal projection area from which direct excitation of neck and back and direct inhibition of neck motoneurons can be evoked and the dorsal strip of n.r. gigantocellularis which has direct excitatory and inhibitory actions only on neck motoneurons.

Locomotion produced in mesencephalic cats by injections of putative transmitter substances and antagonists into the medial reticular formation and the pontomedullary locomotor strip

“…As it appears that the excitatory pathway to lumbar motoneurons for the initiation of locomotion may involve at least one synapse at the spinal cord level (Shefchyk and Jordan, 1985), the locomotor effects seen with MRF stimulation would have to be mediated by at least a disynaptic linkage to limb motoneurons. This connectivity has been reported between the MRF and limb motoneurons (Peterson et al, 1979).…”

Medullary reticulospinal tract mediating the generalized motor inhibition in cats: Parallel inhibitory mechanisms acting on motoneurons and on interneuronal transmission in reflex pathways

“…15,52,59 We first identified "the medullary inhibitory region", the time course of the inhibitory effects, and the descending tracts mediating these effects.…”

Organization of Functional Synaptic Connections between Medullary Reticulospinal Neurons and Lumbar Descending Commissural Interneurons in the Neonatal Mouse

“…This is thought to be achieved through the extensive branching of reticulospinal axons (Peterson et al, 1975;Matsuyama et al, 1993Matsuyama et al, , 1997Sasaki, 1997), allowing them to exert widespread direct and indirect actions on spinal motoneurons (MNs) Shapovalov, 1969;Wilson and Yoshida, 1969;Peterson, 1979;Peterson et al, 1979;Sasaki, 1999;Habaguchi et al, 2002;Jankowska et al, 2003;Riddle et al, 2009). However, the identities of the spinal interneurons (INs) that mediate reticulospinal actions on MNs remain elusive (for surveys of reticulospinal actions on interneurons identified by proprioceptive inputs, see Jankowska, 1992;Jankowska and Edgley, 2010).…”