Retinoblastoma and optic nerve enhancement in a brain magnetic resonance scan: Is it always a metastasis?

Correa-Acosta, A.; González-Alviar, M.E.; Gaviria-Bravo, M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2018.01.002

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In recent years, tremendous advances in therapeutic techniques have greatly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with RB; unfortunately, the long-term survival rates are still extremely unsatisfactory due to invasion and metastasis (5,6). RB can directly infiltrate into the brain via the optic nerve or invade other tissues via the blood stream (7). The genesis and progression of RB are very complex processes, which involve gene mutation, activation of oncogenes, and inactivation of tumor suppressors; however, the detailed molecular events have not been fully documented to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA‑936 inhibits the malignant phenotype of retinoblastoma by directly targeting HDAC9 and deactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway

Shi³

et al. 2020

Oncol Rep

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MicroRNA-936 (miR-936) has been reported to play important roles in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer and glioma. However, the expression and functions of miR-936 in retinoblastoma (RB) remain elusive and need to be further elucidated. Herein, the aims were to measure miR-936 expression in RB, identify the functional importance of miR-936 in the oncogenicity of RB, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was carried out to determine miR-936 expression in RB tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were examined respectively by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometric, and Transwell migration and invasion assays and a subcutaneous heterotopic xenograft experiment. The potential target of miR-936 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and was subsequently validated by luciferase reporter assay, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, and western blotting. miR-936 expression was weak in both RB tissues and cell lines and was correlated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in RB. RB cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were attenuated by exogenous miR-936, whereas apoptosis was enhanced by miR-936 overexpression. Further molecular investigation identified histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) as a direct target gene of miR-936 in RB cells. HDAC9 depletion had effects similar to those of miR-936 overexpression in RB cells. Recovery of HDAC9 expression counteracted the tumor-suppressive action of miR-936 on the oncogenicity of RB cells. Ectopic miR-936 expression deactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway in RB cells in vitro and in vivo by decreasing HDAC9 expression. Downregulated miR-936 is related to poor prognosis in RB, and its upregulation inhibits RB aggressiveness via direct targeting of HDAC9 mRNA and thereby inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA‑936 inhibits the malignant phenotype of retinoblastoma by directly targeting HDAC9 and deactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway

Shi³

et al. 2020

Oncol Rep

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“…Retinoblastoma typically progresses rapidly without treatment, and damages the structure of the eyeball resulting in blindness (Aerts et al, 2015). Moreover, the tumor can directly invade the brain via the optic nerve, or spread to other parts of body via the blood, including bones, lungs, and other distant organs (Correa-Acosta et al, 2018). It imposes a heavy emotional, financial, and medical burden on patients and society, as well as affecting their long-term health and the quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma progression

Davoodi

Najafi

Ghale-Noie

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare aggressive intraocular malignancy of childhood that has the potential to affect vision, and can even be fatal in some children. While the tumor can be controlled efficiently at early stages, metastatic tumors lead to high mortality. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in a number of physiological cellular process, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion, The deregulation of ncRNAs is correlated with several diseases, particularly cancer. ncRNAs are categorized into two main groups based on their length, i.e. short and long ncRNAs. Moreover, ncRNA deregulation has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis and development of RB. Several ncRNAs, such as miR-491-3p, miR-613,and SUSD2 have been found to act as tumor suppressor genes in RB, but other ncRNAs, such as circ-E2F3, NEAT1, and TUG1 act as tumor promoter genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs can provide new opportunities for RB therapy. In the present review, we discuss the functional roles of the most important ncRNAs in RB, their interaction with the genes responsible for RB initiation and progression, and possible future clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic tools or as therapeutic targets.

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Long non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma

Yang

Wei

2019

Pathology - Research and Practice

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Retinoblastoma and optic nerve enhancement in a brain magnetic resonance scan: Is it always a metastasis?

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

MicroRNA‑936 inhibits the malignant phenotype of retinoblastoma by directly targeting HDAC9 and deactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway

MicroRNA‑936 inhibits the malignant phenotype of retinoblastoma by directly targeting HDAC9 and deactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway

Role of non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma progression

Long non-coding RNAs in retinoblastoma

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