“…Innovations in the existing nano‐pharmaceutical formulations are increasing, and the production of nanoparticles (NPs) with varying sizes, shapes, distributions, and controlled shapes are new challenges in these studies (Jasim, Patra, et al, 2022; Li et al, 2013; Sadeghi, Alijani, et al, 2022; Zhang et al, 2015). Different types of metallic and semi‐metallic nanostructures (Jia et al, 2019; Li, Yin, et al, 2022; Salahdin, Majdi, et al, 2022; Xia et al, 2022; Yang et al, 2019), such as ZrO 2 (Isacfranklin et al, 2020), Cr 2 O 3 (Isacfranklin, Ameen, Ravi, Yuvakkumar, Hong, Velauthapillai, Thambidurai, & Dang, 2020), Au (Almansob et al, 2022; Alsamhary et al, 2020; Megarajan et al, 2022; Mythili, Selvankumar, Srinivasan, et al, 2018), Ag (Ameen, Abdullah, et al, 2020; Ameen, al‐Homaidan, et al, 2021; Ameen, AlYahya, et al, 2020; Mythili, Selvankumar, Kamala‐Kannan, et al, 2018; Rajadurai et al, 2021), Cu/CuO (Ameen, 2022; Chupradit, Jalil, et al, 2021; Sonbol et al, 2021), Y 2 O 3 (Isacfranklin, Ameen, Ravi, Yuvakkumar, Hong, Velauthapillai, AlKahtani, et al, 2020), SnO 2 (Al‐Enazi et al, 2021), Pd (Jasim, Ansari, et al, 2022; Jasim, Catalan Opulencia, et al, 2022; Sonbol, Ameen, et al, 2021), Ni (Vidhya et al, 2021), Boron Nitride (Khaki et al, 2022; Sivaraman et al, 2022), gallium nitride (Olegovich Bokov et al, 2022), aluminum nitride (Saleh et al, 2022), and zinc, have shown medical application (Ameen et al, 2018; Mohanta et al, 2018; Sadeghi et al, 2022). Nanoparticles (Mohammed et al, 2022) are generally called particles that are at least 1 to 100 nanometers in one dimension.…”