Reuse of Carbon Paste from Used Zinc-Carbon Battery for Biogas Desulfurizer with Clay as a Binder

Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta; Surata, I Wayan; Swastika, I. Dewa Gede Putra; Wahyudi, I. Made

doi:10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.768

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Chloride was found in the electrolyte paste because the zinc-carbon battery electrolyte material is made from a mixture of manganese dioxide (MnO2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), water, and carbon powder (Nindhia, et al, 2016). The presence of chloride in the electrolyte paste with a relatively high content is harmful to the environment if not handled appropriately.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Electrolyte Paste Spent Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Electrodes by Mixing Carbon Rod and Electrolyte Paste of Spent Battery

Handaja

Susanto

Hermawan

2020

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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As a consequence of increasing battery use, spent batteries are increasingly contributing to solid waste. This situation has the potential to create a severe environmental problem. Thus, the utilization of these spent batteries, including the reuse of some components, is essential. The reusable components of the spent battery are carbon rods and electrolyte pastes. In this work, these components were utilized to prepare a carbon-based electrode for reverse electrodialysis. These electrodes can be an alternative to commercial Ti-based electrodes. The important characteristics of an electrode are the electrical conductivity, porosity, and surface area of the particles. This study aimed to determine the best electrical conductivity exhibited by various mixtures of carbon rods and electrolyte paste taken from spent batteries. The spent battery contained 95% carbon, and the electrolyte paste of the spent battery contained 64% carbon, 19% zinc, and 5% manganese. Before mixing, the carbon rods were powdered using ball mills for 4 h; 85.6% of particles were sized <1 μm. The best electrical conductivity was obtained from a mixture of carbon rods and electrolyte paste in the weight ratio of 7:2, with electrical conductivity, porosity, and surface area of 2.75 S/cm, 0.019 cc/g, and 15.936 m2/g, respectively.

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Section: Characteristics Of Electrolyte Paste Spent Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Electrodes by Mixing Carbon Rod and Electrolyte Paste of Spent Battery

Handaja

Susanto

Hermawan

2020

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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“…Bio-batteries use enzymes to make battery redox processes, bacteria to generate power, readily oxidized materials, and biomolecules to reduce [4,5]. Carbon (CO 2 ), Manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), and Ammonium chloride (NH 4 C) with battery electrolytes form a paste when blended [3,6]. Conventional batteries included lead (Pb), nitronium (Ni), hydrargyrum (Hg), and cadmium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Fruit Waste as Bio-battery Materials for Alternative Electricity

Sigalingging,

Sitorus

2024

JSABE

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Organic vegetable and fruit waste may be used for green energy. Electrolyte-rich fruits can be used to make pollution-free bio-batteries. This study measures fermentation temperature and environment, pH before and after fermentation, electrical voltage, current, power, resistance, and energy in starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), mango (Mangifera indica), and strawberry (Fragaria) waste for 8, 10, and 12 days. A fully randomized factorial design was used for the experiment. The investigation concluded that 8-day strawberry waste fermentation was the optimum treatment. Temperature after fermentation was 28°C, ambient temperature was 29°C, pH before fermentation was 4, after fermentation was 3.2, voltage was 2.97 volts, current was 3.65 mA, power was 10.84 mW, resistance was 1,297 Ohm, and electrical energy was 73.32 mWh.

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“…9 Vadivel et al 10 produced graphite/graphene composites from discarded battery graphite rods for use as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Nindhia et al 11 used graphite rods extracted from spent batteries as a desulfurized in biogas for the engine. Using an electrochemical technique, two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) was derived from 3D graphite rods of used batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of chemically exfoliated reduced graphene oxide from as-grated graphite rods recovered from used household batteries for utilization in tribological applications

Manokaran

Manikkavasagan

Nesappan

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The research objective of this work is to reuse graphite rods recovered from used batteries and utilize them as an additive in SAE20W40 oil to improve the engine parts’ lubrication ability and wear resistance. The graphite rods are grated to obtain ultra-fine particles and then chemically exfoliated using an Improved Hummer's process that results in graphene oxide. Then, it is thermally reduced at 350 °C to yield reduced graphene oxide. Different ratios (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 wt.%) of as-grated graphite particles and reduced graphene oxide were dispersed in the above oil to form a colloidal solution and then used for tribological studies. The graphite particles and synthesized reduced graphene oxide were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction data confirms the presence of graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide in the prepared powders and matches with the standard files. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal the presence of multilayer sheets with an interplanar distance of 0.34 nm having wrinkles, folds, and gas holes. The G and D band positions of Raman spectra prove the formation of oxygenated functional groups, and the ID/ IG ratio confirms the defects in graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. The viscosity of prepared lubricant increases by 35% and 21% for graphite and reduced graphene oxide, respectively. The results of tribological studies with 0.25 wt.% graphite and 0.5 wt.% reduced graphene oxide lubricants showed improvement in coefficient of friction by 32% and 36%, respectively. At these optimal concentrations, the specific wear rate dropped by 51% for reduced graphene oxide. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, images show that the nanolubricant's mending effect over the worn surface improves reduced graphene oxide added SAE20W40 oil tribological characteristics. From the results, reduced graphene oxide synthesized from as-grated graphite rods proves to be a low-cost, sustainable, and effective friction modifier for engine oils.

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Reuse of Carbon Paste from Used Zinc-Carbon Battery for Biogas Desulfurizer with Clay as a Binder

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Electrodes by Mixing Carbon Rod and Electrolyte Paste of Spent Battery

Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Electrodes by Mixing Carbon Rod and Electrolyte Paste of Spent Battery

Study of Fruit Waste as Bio-battery Materials for Alternative Electricity

Synthesis of chemically exfoliated reduced graphene oxide from as-grated graphite rods recovered from used household batteries for utilization in tribological applications

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