“…1A ) ( Ye et al ., 2004 ). DMC has many health beneficial effects including hepatoprotective activities ( Yu et al ., 2011 ), anti-tumor ( Ye et al ., 2005a ; Ye et al ., 2005b ), anti-virus ( Dao et al ., 2010 ), anti-microbial ( Salem and Werbovetz, 2005 ), anti-oxidant ( Su et al ., 2011 ; Martinez et al ., 2012 ), anti-diarrheal ( Amor et al ., 2005 ; Ghayur et al ., 2006 ), anti-drug efflux ( Huang et al ., 2011 ; Huang et al ., 2012 ), and anti-diabetic ( Hu et al ., 2012 ; Hu et al ., 2014a ; Hu et al ., 2014b ). However, the anti-inflammatory effects of DMC along with the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.…”