Reversibility of canthaxanthin deposits within the retina

Leyon, Hans; Ros, Anne‐Marie; Nyberg, Sofie; Algvere, Peep

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb04798.x

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Unfortunately, canthaxanthin overuse as a sunless tanning product has led to the appearance of crystalline deposits in the human retina [173]. Although these retinal inclusions are reversible [174] and appear to have no adverse effects [173], their existence has prompted caution regarding the intake of this xanthophyll.…”

Section: Cancer Chemoprevention By Carotenoids In Preclinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids

2012

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Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments that provide bright coloration to plants and animals. Dietary intake of carotenoids is inversely associated with the risk of a variety of cancers in different tissues. Preclinical studies have shown that some carotenoids have potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential preventive and/or therapeutic roles for the compounds. Since chemoprevention is one of the most important strategies in the control of cancer development, molecular mechanism-based cancer chemoprevention using carotenoids seems to be an attractive approach. Various carotenoids, such as β-carotene, a-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, fucoxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, have been proven to have anti-carcinogenic activity in several tissues, although high doses of β-carotene failed to exhibit chemopreventive activity in clinical trials. In this review, cancer prevention using carotenoids are reviewed and the possible mechanisms of action are described.

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Section: Cancer Chemoprevention By Carotenoids In Preclinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids

2012

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“…Canthaxanthin, one of the 600 naturally occurring carotenoids, when ingested in sufficient amounts can also result in the formation of retinal crystals 51,52 . We describe the first case of crystalline retinopathy from oral zeaxanthin supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular Pigment Distribution Responses to High-Dose Zeaxanthin Supplementation in Patients With Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

Choi

Gorusupudi

Wegner

et al. 2017

Retina

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Purpose Analysis of macular pigment (MP) amount and distribution in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) receiving oral zeaxanthin supplementation in a randomized, open-label interventional trial. Methods Eight MacTel patients were randomized to 10 mg or 20 mg of zeaxanthin per day. At each visit, the subjects were examined including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), fundus biomicroscopy, color fundus photography (CFP), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and serum carotenoid levels. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of zeaxanthin supplementation. MP concentration was analyzed and calculated from AFI obtained at 488 nm excitation wavelength. Serum carotenoid levels were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The majority of subjects had definite increases in intensity of the macular pigment’s hypofluorescent ring, but none of them deposited macular pigment centrally at the fovea. Although some patients noted subjective improvements in vision, no objective improvements could be documented, and there were no changes in foveal OCT features. Yellowish, hypofluorescent crystals appeared in one subject’s macular region with no change in visual acuity. These inner retinal crystals disappeared several months after discontinuing her 20 mg zeaxanthin supplement. Conclusion Based on our study, zeaxanthin supplementation does not result in any visual benefit in patients with MacTel, and does not re-establish a normal peaked distribution of macular pigment in the fovea. One subject developed a novel, reversible crystalline maculopathy in response to zeaxanthin supplementation that was reminiscent of canthaxanthin crystalline maculopathy.

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“…The deposits may slowly clear over about 20 years if exposure to the agent is discontinued 437–439. High plasma levels of canthaxanthin detected even months after drug cessation supports this slow reversal process.…”

Section: Crystalline Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 92%

The Impact of Systemic Medications on Retinal Function

Somisetty

Santina

Sarraf

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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This study will provide a thorough review of systemic (and select intravitreal) medications, along with illicit drugs that are capable of causing various patterns of retinal toxicity. The diagnosis is established by taking a thorough medication and drug history, and then by pattern recognition of the clinical retinal changes and multimodal imaging features. Examples of all of these types of toxicity will be thoroughly reviewed, including agents that cause retinal pigment epithelial disruption (hydroxychloroquine, thioridazine, pentosan polysulfate sodium, dideoxyinosine), retinal vascular occlusion (quinine, oral contraceptives), cystoid macular edema/retinal edema (nicotinic acid, sulfa-containing medications, taxels, glitazones), crystalline deposition (tamoxifen, canthaxanthin, methoxyflurane), uveitis, miscellaneous, and subjective visual symptoms (digoxin, sildenafil). The impact of newer chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics (tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, checkpoint, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors, and others), will also be thoroughly reviewed. The mechanism of action will be explored in detail when known. When applicable, preventive measures will be discussed, and treatment will be reviewed. Illicit drugs (cannabinoids, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, alkyl nitrite), will also be reviewed in terms of the potential impact on retinal function.

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Reversibility of canthaxanthin deposits within the retina

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids

Cancer Chemoprevention by Carotenoids

Macular Pigment Distribution Responses to High-Dose Zeaxanthin Supplementation in Patients With Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

The Impact of Systemic Medications on Retinal Function

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