Review—Insect cold hardiness: Facts and fancy

Baust, John G.; Rojas, Robert R.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(85)90067-8

Cited by 220 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Additionally, changes in the SCP with treatment (Coleman et al, 2014). Because the SCP does not necessarily equate to cold-hardiness, it must be interpreted with caution, and in many cases has limited ecological relevance (Bale, 1987;Baust and Rojas, 1985;Renault et al, 2002).…”

Section: Measuring Supercooling Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hatherly et al, 2005), and allow survival to be compared under circumstances where the SCP is uninformative about survival (e.g. for chill-susceptible or freeze-tolerant species; Baust and Rojas, 1985). Other thresholds, such as the LT 90 , indicate thresholds associated with specified levels of probability, and are therefore useful for assessing the risk of mortality or survival under a given set of conditions.…”

Section: Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, survival to reproduction indicates that an insect has retained fitness after cold exposure (Baust and Rojas, 1985), but this is surprisingly rare as a metric. Survival to the reproductive stage for immature insects (i.e.…”

Section: Estimating Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, lethal temperature estimates may ignore mortality that occurs in the longer term, and also disregard sub-lethal effects on behavior or reproductive capacity (Baust and Rojas, 1985). For example, adults of the freeze-tolerant carabid Pterostichus brevicornis will survive for a few days when frozen and thawed under sub-optimal conditions, but die after a week (Miller, 1969).…”

Section: Estimating Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Sinclair

Alvarado

Ferguson

2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

313

326

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Insect performance is limited by the temperature of the environment, and in temperate, polar, and alpine regions, the majority of insects must face the challenge of exposure to low temperatures. The physiological response to cold exposure shapes the ability of insects to survive and thrive in these environments, and can be measured, without great technical difficulty, for both basic and applied research. For example, understanding insect cold tolerance allows us to predict the establishment and spread of insect pests and biological control agents. Additionally, the discipline provides the tools for drawing physiological comparisons among groups in wider studies that may not be focused primarily on the ability of insects to survive the cold. Thus, the study of insect cold tolerance is of a broad interest, and several reviews have addressed the theories and advances in the field. Here, however, we aim to clarify and provide rationale for common practices used to study cold tolerance, as a starter's guide for newcomers to the field, students, and those wishing to incorporate cold tolerance into a broader study. We cover the 'tried and true' measures of insect cold tolerance, the equipment necessary for these measurement, and summarize the ecological and biological significance of each. Additionally, we provide a suggested framework and workflow for measuring cold tolerance and low temperature performance in insects.

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Section: Measuring Supercooling Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Lower Lethal Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Sinclair

Alvarado

Ferguson

2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

313

326

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although the physiological study of insect cold tolerance has focused largely on the ability (or otherwise) of insects to survive internal ice formation (Salt, 1961), the vast majority of insects are neither freeze tolerant nor freeze avoiding, but die at some temperature before they freeze ("non-freezing cold injury" or "pre-freeze mortality," see Sinclair et al (2003); Baust and Rojas (1985)). A number of insects that suffer from non-freezing cold injury are nevertheless able to rapidly alter their tolerance of acute cold exposure by rapid cold-hardening (RCH; Lee et al, 1987), whereby low temperature tolerance is greatly enhanced by a short pre-exposure to a milder low temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of carbon dioxide anesthesia and anoxia on rapid cold-hardening and chill coma recovery in Drosophila melanogaster

Nilson

Sinclair

Roberts

2006

Journal of Insect Physiology

121

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Carbon dioxide gas is used as an insect anesthetic in many laboratories, despite recent studies which have shown that CO 2 can alter behavior and fitness. We examine the effects of CO 2 and anoxia (N 2 ) on cold tolerance, measuring the rapid cold-hardening (RCH) response and chill coma recovery in Drosophila melanogaster. Short exposures to CO 2 or N 2 do not significantly affect RCH, but 60 min of exposure negates RCH. Exposure to CO 2 anesthesia increases chill coma recovery time, but this effect disappears if the flies are given 90 min recovery in air before chill coma induction. Flies treated with N 2 show a similar pattern, but require significantly longer chill coma recovery times even after 90 min of recovery from anoxia. Our results suggest that CO 2 anesthesia is an acceptable way to manipulate flies before cold tolerance experiments (when using RCH or chill coma recovery as a measure), provided exposure duration is minimized and recovery is permitted before chill coma induction. However, we recommend that exposure to N 2 not be used as a method of anesthesia for chill coma studies.

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Differential expression patterns of two delta‐9‐acyl‐CoA desaturases in Thitarodes pui (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) during different seasons and cold exposure

Min

Cheng

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Thitarodes pui larvae have a limited distribution in the Tibetan Plateau and are the host of a parasitic fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Low temperature is a main environmental stress. However, understanding of T. pui cold adaptation mechanisms is insufficient. Delta‐9‐acyl‐CoA desaturase (D9D) is closely correlated with cold adaptation for many organisms. To further understand the cold adaptation processes in T. pui larvae, two D9Ds, TpdesatA and TpdesatB were sequenced, and expression patterns were investigated during different seasons and cold exposure (under 0°C) in the laboratory. The full lengths of two cDNAs are 1,290 bp and 1,603 bp, and the ORFs encode a polypeptide of 348 and 359 amino acids, respectively. Four transmembrane domains, three conserved histidine residues and five hydrophobic regions exist in these two sequences. The expression level of TpdesatA is up‐regulated in the long‐term cold exposure and negatively correlated with temperature in seasonal patterns. TpdesatB responds to cold temperature in short‐term cold exposure and positively corresponds temporarily in seasonal expression. Two D9Ds may have different substrate specificities, TpdesatA tends to use C16:0 and C18:0 as substrate while TpdesatB prefers C18:0. In conclusion, TpdesatA may play a very important role in T. pui cold tolerance and TpdesatB regulates function in short‐term cold exposure and content change of fatty acids in the body.

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Review—Insect cold hardiness: Facts and fancy

Cited by 220 publications

References 26 publications

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

The effects of carbon dioxide anesthesia and anoxia on rapid cold-hardening and chill coma recovery in Drosophila melanogaster

Differential expression patterns of two delta‐9‐acyl‐CoA desaturases in Thitarodes pui (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) during different seasons and cold exposure

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