Review of Bone Substitutes

Pryor, Landon S.; Gage, Earl; Langevin, Claude-Jean; Herrera, Fernando; Breithaupt, Andrew; Gordon, Chad R.; Afifi, Ahmed M.; Zins, James E.; Meltzer, Hal S.; Gosman, Amanda; Cohen, Sandra; Holmes, Ralph E.

doi:10.1055/s-0029-1224777

Cited by 87 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…As far as 45S5 Bioglass ® is concerned, the toxicology and biocompatibility studies to establish its safety for FDA clearance date back to 1981 and the first medical product (i.e., Bioglass Ossicular Reconstruction Prosthesis) was indeed cleared by FDA via the 510(k) process as early as 1985 . Various products derived from 45S5 Bioglass ® and alternative glass formulations are now diffuse in the market . In 2005, for the first time, the FDA approved a new product (Novabone ® ), which also includes sol–gel‐derived particles having the 58S composition .…”

Section: β‐Tcp/bioglass Composites: a Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate composites with bioactive glass as second phase: State of the art and current applications

Bellucci

Sola

Cannillo

2015

J Biomedical Materials Res

121

102

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Calcium phosphates are among the most common biomaterials employed in orthopaedic and dental surgery. The efficacy of such systems as bone substitutes and bioactive coatings on metallic prostheses has been proved by several clinical studies. Among these materials, hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) play a prominent role in medical practice since the '80s. In the last years, numerous attempts to combine HA or TCP with bioactive glasses have been made. There are two main motivations for sintering calcium phosphates with a glassy phase: on the one hand, it is possible to tune the dissolution of the final system and to enhance its biological response through the synergistic combination of two bioactive phases; on the other hand, the glass acts as a sintering aid with the aim to increase the densification of the composite and thus its mechanical strength. In this sense, TCP and HA are penalized by their relatively poor fracture toughness and tensile strength compared to natural bone, which makes it impossible to use them in load-bearing applications. Moreover, the bioactivity index of pure calcium phosphates is typically lower with respect to that of many bioactive glasses. In this review, the state of the art and current applications of composites, based on HA or TCP with bioactive glass as second phase, are presented and discussed. A special emphasis is given to the processing and mechanical behaviour of these systems, together with their biological implications, as a function of the composition of the glass employed as second phase.

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Section: β‐Tcp/bioglass Composites: a Brief Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate composites with bioactive glass as second phase: State of the art and current applications

Bellucci

Sola

Cannillo

2015

J Biomedical Materials Res

121

102

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“…2B) of various biological or synthetic substances can infiltrate large defects [18, 88]. Autologous bone derived from a patient’s own body represents the gold standard material.…”

Section: Wound Repair Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its low availability and invasiveness of the extraction surgery prompt a critical need for other alternatives. Allogeneic bone and its demineralized form have been suggested as substitutes for autografts to improve tissue reconstruction in craniofacial defects and fractured gaps [88–90], but supply limitations remain. Consequently, synthetic alternatives, such as calcium phosphates [89, 91] and calcium sulfates have been widely incorporated into bone fillers [18].…”

Section: Wound Repair Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of materials as medical devices with localized drug delivery capabilities for enhanced wound repair

Lee

Huh

Kim

et al. 2017

Progress in Materials Science

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The plentiful assortment of natural and synthetic materials can be leveraged to accommodate diverse wound types, as well as different stages of the healing process. An ideal material is envisioned to promote tissue repair with minimal inconvenience for patients. Traditional materials employed in the clinical setting often invoke secondary complications, such as infection, pain, foreign body reaction, and chronic inflammation. This review surveys the repertoire of surgical sutures, wound dressings, surgical glues, orthopedic fixation devices and bone fillers with drug eluting capabilities. It highlights the various techniques developed to effectively incorporate drugs into the selected material or blend of materials for both soft and hard tissue repair. The mechanical and chemical attributes of the resultant materials are also discussed, along with their biological outcomes in vitro and/or in vivo. Perspectives and challenges regarding future research endeavors are also delineated for next-generation wound repair materials.

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“…An interconnected porous structure is attractive for bone substitutes because bone tissue and cells can penetrate the bone substitute . Furthermore, microporous structure should play an important role in cell growth and differentiation, similar to the niche environment or microenvironment produced by the extracellular matrix .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of carbonate apatite honeycomb and its tissue response

Ishikawa

Munar

Tsuru

et al. 2019

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) block can be used as a bone substitute because it can be remodeled to new natural bone in a manner conforming with the bone remodeling process. Among the many porous structures available, honeycomb (HC) structure is advantageous for rapid replacement of CO3Ap to bone. In this study, the feasibility to fabricate a CO3Ap HC was studied, along with its initial tissue response in rabbit femur bone defect. First, a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and a wax‐based binder was extruded from a HC mold. Then the fabricated HC was heated for binder removal and carbonation at 450°C in a mixed O2–CO2 atmosphere, forming a CaCO3 HC. When the CaCO3 HC was immersed in 1 mol/L Na3PO4 solution at 80°C for 7 days, its composition changed from CaCO3 to CO3Ap, maintaining the structure of the original CaCO3 HC. Compressive strengths of the CaCO3 and CO3Ap HCs were 65.2 ± 7.4 MPa and 88.7 ± 4.7 MPa, respectively. When the rabbit femur bone defect was reconstructed with the CO3Ap HC, new bone penetrated the CO3Ap HC completely. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were found on the surface of the newly formed bone and osteocytes were also found in the newly formed bone, indicating ongoing bone remodeling. Furthermore, blood vessels were formed inside the pores of CO3Ap HC. Therefore, CO3Ap HC has good potential as an ideal bone substitute. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1014–1020, 2019.

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Review of Bone Substitutes

Cited by 87 publications

References 44 publications

Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate composites with bioactive glass as second phase: State of the art and current applications

Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate composites with bioactive glass as second phase: State of the art and current applications

Application of materials as medical devices with localized drug delivery capabilities for enhanced wound repair

Fabrication of carbonate apatite honeycomb and its tissue response

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