Review of curing deformation control methods for carbon fiber reinforced resin composites

Zhang, Ce; Zhang, Guoli; Xu, Jing; Shi, Xiaowei; Wang, Xi

doi:10.1002/pc.26648

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The shape of the components has an important influence on the distribution of temperature and curing degree. 9 Zhang et al 17 proposed that the curing process of complex components should be optimized to reduce curing deformation. They also proposed a formula to calculate the curing heating temperature, but the calculation is complex and inefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and optimized design of cure cycle for three‐dimensional polymer‐matrix composite component

Yang

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The cure cycle plays a crucial role in manufacturing polymer‐matrix composite component. Unreasonable design of cure cycle can easily lead to thermal gradients during curing process, which will generate residual stress and seriously affect the quality of component. Meanwhile, the cure cycle of the three‐dimensional composite component is difficult to optimized, due to the complicated distribution of temperature and curing degree. In this paper, numerical simulation is applied to research the curing process of the polymer‐matrix composite. The change rules of temperature and curing degree are explored. An optimum design method for the cure cycle of three‐dimensional composite component is proposed. Meanwhile, numerical simulation is applied in this method to design the cure cycle by referring to the change rules of temperature and curing degree of the component, in which the internal and external thermal gradients can be balanced during the curing process. The results show that the optimized cure cycle can significantly reduce the thermal gradients for three‐dimensional composite component, which provide guidance for cure cycle design in the manufacturing of polymer‐matrix composite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and optimized design of cure cycle for three‐dimensional polymer‐matrix composite component

Yang

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…FBG sensors have an immense potential to monitor the curing process and residual stress measurement due to the shrinkage of epoxy resin. [4][5][6][7][8] Dunphy et al [9] and Murukeshan et al [10] utilized the FBG sensors for cure monitoring, where the change in the center wavelength of the FBG sensor is tracked to both monitors the vitrification and curing of thermoset composite. K Jung et al [11] embedded an FBG sensor into the 3-D hybrid braided composite tube.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and verification of micro‐strain generated inside the laminate subjected to thermal loading through fiber bragg grating sensors and classical laminate theory

2023

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Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors possess enormous potential for the cure monitoring and integrity assessment of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites. These sensors can be embedded inside the structure to monitor the strain in the desired region of interest. The strain on an FBG sensor can be calculated by measuring the change in the center wavelength of the sensor. This change in center wavelength is a function of temperature and mechanical strain. Therefore, temperature compensation is necessary for a precise mechanical strain measurement with an FBG sensor. In this study, FBG sensors are embedded in different layers of the CFRP laminate to record the mechanical strain caused by the thermal expansion, which happens under the influence of temperature. Classical laminate theory (CLT) is implemented to assess the accuracy of FBG sensor measurements and the strain data acquired from both FBG sensor and CLT correlates. Furthermore, a resistive strain gauge is deployed to measure the strain under the influence of temperature. It is depicted that strain values recorded by the strain gauge under the influence of the temperature do not agree with the strain measured by CLT, and an error of 150% occurs among their values.

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“…Shah et al 9 studied the spring‐in phenomenon of antenna reflector through experimental methods, and the results showed that the mold material had a significant impact on the spring‐in values for composite parts. In addition, Zhang et al 10 also reviewed that the stretching effect of the mold surface on the fabricated part is an important factor affecting the warpage of the plate in the curing process. And Galinska et al 11 believed that if the tool is not manufactured from the carbon–epoxy composite material, its thermal expansion is a significant factor that causes additional deformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mold on curing deformation of resin transfer molding‐made textile composites

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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In the process of preparing textile composites by resin transfer molding (RTM) method, both the upper and lower surface of the mold will interact with the composite parts due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between the mold and the part, resulting in warpage deformation. To address this key technical problem, this article first studied the effect of mold on the warpage deformation of composite material under different fiber volume fractions. Then a mold–part interaction modeling method for RTM process with nonthermoelastic deformation is proposed. By introducing shear layers between the upper and lower surfaces of the mold and the composite part, a finite element simulation model for predicting the curing deformation of the component is established and experimentally verified. The results show that the effect of mold–part interaction on the warpage deformation of the composite decreases with increasing fiber volume fraction. Meanwhile, the proposed modeling method can avoid complete material characterization, and the comparison between experimental and simulation results proves that the model can accurately simulate the curing deformation of composite components under the same process conditions. Finally, the analysis reveals that the interaction caused by thermal mismatch between the composites and the mold is less related to the intermediate layup, but mainly related to the fiber orientation of the layup layer in contact with the mold.Highlights The warpage deformation law of the mold on the composites with different fiber volume fractions is investigated. A mold–part interaction modeling method for a resin transfer molding process with nonthermoelastic deformation is proposed, where the mold stretching effect is represented by the cumulative effect of the interaction between the two layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the part.

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Review of curing deformation control methods for carbon fiber reinforced resin composites

Cited by 25 publications

References 129 publications

Simulation and optimized design of cure cycle for three‐dimensional polymer‐matrix composite component

Simulation and optimized design of cure cycle for three‐dimensional polymer‐matrix composite component

Monitoring and verification of micro‐strain generated inside the laminate subjected to thermal loading through fiber bragg grating sensors and classical laminate theory

Effect of mold on curing deformation of resin transfer molding‐made textile composites

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