Review of Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes: Highlighting Measuring Energy Spread

Hamanaka, Marcos Henrique Mamoru Otsuka; Mammana, Victor Pellegrini; Tatsch, Peter Jürgen

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31960-0_1

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…On this basis, focus has been given to the study of field emission (FE) behavior of different types of one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructured materials in both array − and nonarray form (Table S1 in the Supporting Information). Promising one-dimensional field emitters include carbon nanotubes, − Mo, W, and semiconductors such as ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , WO 3 , etc. Several factors such as morphology (e.g., whiskerlike structure of CNTs), low work function, high melting point, high chemical stability, uniformity in a stable emission current, and ease of synthesis control the efficiency and applicability of a field emitter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase

Kiran

Deore

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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2-D Ti3C2TX MXene nanosheets are obtained by etching Ti3SiC2 MAX phase that is synthesized by heating the elemental Ti, Si, and C mixture at high temperature. The electron emission behavior of both Ti3C2TX MXene and Ti3SiC2 MAX phase is studied. MXene exhibits excellent field emission characteristics with a turn-on field of 4.7 V μm–1, and that for the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase is 6.5 V μm–1. The turn-on electric field corresponding to an emission current density of 10 μA cm–2 is 5.0 V μm–1 for Ti3C2TX MXene and 7.5 V μm–1 for the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase. The calculated enhancement factor of MXene nanosheets is ∼4280, which is one of the highest reported enhancement factors to date. In order to get theoretical insight into the field emission properties for Ti3C2 and OH-terminated Ti3C2 MXene in comparison to the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase, we have presented the structure and electronic properties from state of the art density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The interaction of – OH with Ti3C2 involves charge transfer from the “Ti” 3d orbital to −OH. The computed work function follows the trend Ti3SiC2 > Ti3C2 > Ti3C2/OH, which supports the maximum field emission in −OH-terminated Ti3C2 MXene and the minimum field emission in the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase

Kiran

Deore

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…A CNT film can emit 0.34 mA of current, while the current density is much lower at approximately 137.91 A/cm 2 [11]. The CNT emitter has also been proven to have a low energy distribution [12]. For example, Bonard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Emission Energy Distribution of Carbon Nanotube Film and Single Tube under High Current

Wang,

Wu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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A narrow energy distribution is a prominent characteristic of field-emission cold cathodes. When applied in a vacuum electronic device, the cold cathode is fabricated over a large area and works under a high current and current density. It is interesting to see the energy distribution of the field emitter under such a working situation. In this work, the energy distribution spectra of a single carbon nanotube (CNT) and a CNT film were investigated across a range of currents, spanning from low to high. A consistent result indicated that, at low current emission, the CNT film (area: 0.585 mm2) exhibited a narrow electron energy distribution as small as 0.5 eV, similar to that of a single CNT, while the energy distribution broadened with increased current and voltage, accompanied by a peak position shift. The influencing factors related to the electric field, Joule heating, Coulomb interaction, and emission site over a large area were discussed to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The results provide guidance for the electron source application of nano-materials in cold cathode devices.

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“…Towards this end the use of nano‐carbon materials as electron sources has been investigated with great intensity 4, 5. Carbon nanotubes have perhaps been the most intensely studied carbon allotrope for field emission applications due to their high aspect ratio, high resistance to electromigration, high current density carrying capabilities, low sputter coefficient, and low heat generation during emission 6, 7. Though accurate placement control has been demonstrated by electron beam lithography, large‐area and inexpensive control over the size, density and contacts of the nanotubes has remained a challenge 8, 9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROGA – A New Method for Risk‐Based Hazard Analysis: Part 1 – Deductive Hazard Analysis and Risk‐Based Assessment by Using a Risk Graph

Bock

Haferkamp²

2014

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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This paper proposes a new method, risk-oriented hazard analysis (ROGA), for carrying out the risk-based hazard analysis of chemical plants. The aim of ROGA method is to determine the status of a plant's safety technology by determining the risk that arises as a result of a source of hazard taking effect and by evaluating all measures taken to control this risk. The contribution consists of two parts. In this first part, the deductive hazard analysis and its extension by a semi-quantitative risk assessment associated with sources of hazards is explained with the help of a risk graph.

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Review of Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes: Highlighting Measuring Energy Spread

Cited by 23 publications

References 90 publications

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase

Field-Emission Energy Distribution of Carbon Nanotube Film and Single Tube under High Current

ROGA – A New Method for Risk‐Based Hazard Analysis: Part 1 – Deductive Hazard Analysis and Risk‐Based Assessment by Using a Risk Graph

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Review of Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes: Highlighting Measuring Energy Spread

Cited by 23 publications

References 90 publications

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti3C2TX MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti3C2TX MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase

Field-Emission Energy Distribution of Carbon Nanotube Film and Single Tube under High Current

ROGA – A New Method for Risk‐Based Hazard Analysis: Part 1 – Deductive Hazard Analysis and Risk‐Based Assessment by Using a Risk Graph

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Product

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Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase

Comparative Study of Cold Electron Emission from 2D Ti₃C₂T_X MXene Nanosheets with Respect to Its Precursor Ti₃SiC₂ MAX Phase