Review of fuel oil quality and combustion of fast pyrolysis bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass

Lehto, Jani; Oasmaa, Anja; Solantausta, Yrjö; Kytö, Matti; Chiaramonti, David

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.040

Cited by 458 publications

(412 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This scenario has a similar performance in terms of GWP compared to scenario 18 due to the lower efficiency of SNG cars compared to diesel cars, which is in trade-off with the higher emissions of diesel compared to natural gas. The pyrolysis pathways (scenarios 14 and 15) present similar results but are limited with respect to GWP by a lower conversion efficiency (66.6 % fuel production with respect to wood input, on a wet basis), and with respect to HH by the direct emissions associated to the combustion of pyrolysis oil [42]. On the other hand, they present the advantage of lower initial investment costs.…”

Section: Biomass Optionssupporting

confidence: 57%

Integration of deep geothermal energy and woody biomass conversion pathways in urban systems

Moret

Peduzzi

Gerber

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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Urban systems account for about two-thirds of global primary energy consumption and energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, with a projected increasing trend. Deep geothermal energy and woody biomass can be used for the production of heat, electricity and biofuels, thus constituting a renewable alternative to fossil fuels for all end-uses in cities: heating, cooling, electricity and mobility. This paper presents a methodology to assess the potential for integrating deep geothermal energy and woody biomass in an urban energy system. The city is modeled in its entirety as a multiperiod optimization problem with the total annual cost as an objective, assessing as well the environmental impact with a Life Cycle Assessment approach. For geothermal energy, deep aquifers and Enhanced Geothermal Systems are considered for stand-alone production of heat and electricity, and for cogeneration. For biomass, besides direct combustion and cogeneration, conversion to biofuels by a set of alternative processes (pyrolysis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and synthetic natural gas production) is studied. With a scenario-based approach, all pathways are first individually evaluated. Secondly, all possible combinations between geothermal and biomass options are systematically compared, taking into account the possibility of hybrid systems. Results show that integrating these two resources generates configurations featuring both lower costs and environmental impacts. In particular, synergies are found in innovative hybrid systems using excess geothermal heat to increase the efficiency of biomass conversion processes. The application to a case study demonstrates the advantages of using a system approach for the analysis over a stand-alone comparison between options.

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Section: Biomass Optionssupporting

confidence: 57%

Integration of deep geothermal energy and woody biomass conversion pathways in urban systems

Moret

Peduzzi

Gerber

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] It is a sum of biomass moisture and so-called pyrolysis/reaction water. Inevitably, reaction water is formed mainly due to cleavage of glucosidic bonds of cellulose and hemicelluloses.…”

Section: Water Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of the International Energy Agency Round Robin on Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Production

et al. 2017

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An international round robin study of the production of fast pyrolysis bio-oil was undertaken. A total of 15 institutions in six countries contributed. Three biomass samples were distributed to the laboratories for processing in fast pyrolysis reactors. Samples of the bio-oil produced were transported to a central analytical laboratory for analysis. The round robin was focused on validating the pyrolysis community understanding of production of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by providing a common feedstock for bio-oil preparation. The round robin included: distribution of three feedstock samples, hybrid poplar, wheat straw, and a blend of lignocellulosic biomasses, from a common source to each participating laboratory, preparation of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in each laboratory with the three feedstocks provided, and return of the three bio-oil products (minimum of 500 mL) with operational description to a central analytical laboratory for bio-oil property determination. The analyses of interest were CHN, S, trace element analysis, water, ash, solids, pyrolytic lignin, density, viscosity, carboxylic acid number, and accelerated aging of bio-oil. In addition, an effort was made to compare the bio-oil components to the products of analytical pyrolysis through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The results showed that clear differences can occur in fast pyrolysis bio-oil properties by applying different process configurations and reactor designs in small scale. The comparison to the analytical pyrolysis method suggested that pyrolysis (Py)–GC/MS could serve as a rapid qualitative screening method for bio-oil composition when produced in small-scale fluid-bed reactors. Gel permeation chromatography was also applied to determine molecular weight information. Furthermore, hot vapor filtration generally resulted in the most favorable bio-oil product, with respect to water, solids, viscosity, and carboxylic acid number. These results can be helpful in understanding the variation in bio-oil production methods and their effects on bio-oil product composition.

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“…Generally, bio-oil is an acidic, dark-colored liquid composed of hundreds of oxygencontaining compounds derived from the rapid depolymerization, dehydration, and fragmentation of the carbohydrate and lignin components present in the feedstock biomass (Mohan et al, 2006). The high acidity and low miscibility of bio-oil with petroleum derived products make their direct application difficult (Lehto et al, 2014), and thus upgrading of the bio-oil is a necessity (Zhang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion: Biomass Characterization and Bio-Oil Production From Switchgrass-Pine Residues Blends

et al. 2018

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An abundant, low-cost, and high-quality supply of lignocellulosic feedstock is necessary to realize the large-scale implementation of biomass conversion technologies capable of producing renewable fuels, chemicals, and products. Barriers to this goal include the variability in the chemical and physical properties of available biomass, and the seasonal and geographic availability of biomass. Blending several different types of biomass to produce consistent feedstocks offers a solution to these problems and allows for control over the specifications of the feedstocks. For thermochemical conversion processes, attributes of interest include carbon content, total ash, specific inorganics, density, particle size, and moisture content. In this work, a series of switchgrass and pine residues blends with varying physical and chemical properties were evaluated. Physical and chemical properties of the pure and blended materials were measured, including compositional analysis, elemental analysis, compressibility, flowability, density, and particle size distribution. To screen blends for thermochemical conversion behavior, the analytical technique, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), was used to analyze the vapor-phase pyrolysis products of the various switchgrass/pine residues blends. The py-GC/MS findings were validated by investigating the bio-oils produced from the selected blends using a lab-scale fluidized-bed pyrolysis reactor system. Results indicate that the physical properties of blended materials are proportional to the blend ratio of pure feedstocks. In addition, pyrolysis of pine residues resulted in bio-oils with higher carbon content and lower oxygen content, while switchgrass derived pyrolysis products contained relatively greater amount of anhydrosugars and organic acids. The distribution of the pyrolysis vapors and isolated bio-oils appear to be a simple linear combination of the two feedstocks. The concentration of alkali and alkaline Edmunds et al.Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion earth metals (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) in the blended feedstocks were confirmed to be a critical parameter due to their negative effects on the bio-oil yield. This work demonstrates that blending different sources of biomass can be an effective strategy to produce a consistent feedstock for thermochemical conversion.

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Review of fuel oil quality and combustion of fast pyrolysis bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass

Cited by 458 publications

References 23 publications

Integration of deep geothermal energy and woody biomass conversion pathways in urban systems

Integration of deep geothermal energy and woody biomass conversion pathways in urban systems

Results of the International Energy Agency Round Robin on Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Production

Blended Feedstocks for Thermochemical Conversion: Biomass Characterization and Bio-Oil Production From Switchgrass-Pine Residues Blends

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