Review of Properties and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Norfloxacin

Abstract

The first-generation quinolones have their greatest potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but newly developed molecules have exhibited increased potency against Gram-positive bacteria, and existing agents are available with additional activity against anaerobic microorganisms. Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (aerobic organisms). There are different analytical methods available to determine norfloxacin applied in quality control of this medicine in order to ensure its effectiveness and safety. The authors present an overview of the fourth generation of quinolones, followed by the properties, applications, and analytical methods of norfloxacin. These results show several existing analytical techniques that are flexible and broad-based methods of analysis in different matrices. This article focuses on bionalytical and pharmaceutical quality-control applications, such as thin-layer chromatography, microbiological assay, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis (CE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Isoniazid: A Review of Characteristics, Properties and Analytical Methods

“…Chromatographic techniques, especially those involving HPLC are widely used in pharmaceutical analysis (Corrêa and Salgado, 2011;Bonfilio et al, 2012;Chierentin and Salgado, 2016;Curbete and Salgado, 2016;Fernandes and Salgado, 2016;Pedroso and Salgado, 2016). A number of detectors coupled with HPLC systems are currently used, such as ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrophotometry, fluorescence methods, MS, and electrochemical methods (Bonfilio et al, 2010).…”

A Novel Screening Strategy Reveals ROS-Generating Antimicrobials That Act Synergistically against the Intracellular Veterinary Pathogen Rhodococcus equi

“…Interestingly, norfloxacin might be a promising adjuvant to other ROS-generating antimicrobials currently used to treat R. equi infections. Norfloxacin is a drug with great repurposing potential, as it is commonly used to treat urinary infections in humans [30]. Therefore, these results might pave the way for the rapid development of novel antimicrobial strategies with important veterinary applications.…”

“…We first established the MIC of individual antibacterial compounds (Table 1). Surprisingly, norfloxacin alone did not generate a reportable MIC for R. equi 103S + below 10 µg/mL, despite being a broad-spectrum antimicrobial [30]. In addition, the combination of rifampicin and erythromycin did not generate a synergistic effect (Table 1).…”

Development of a multicomponent immunochromatographic test system for the detection of fluoroquinolone and amphenicol antibiotics in dairy products

“…Traditional methods for detecting antibiotics in food include microbiological approaches that are time-consuming and have low specificity. 12 Among other approaches are instrumental analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. 13,14 Despite adequate accuracy, high precision and sensitivity, chromatographic methods require the use of complex equipment and highly qualified personnel.…”

“…Traditional methods for detecting antibiotics in food include microbiological approaches that are time‐consuming and have low specificity . Among other approaches are instrumental analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography .…”