Review of three-dimensional holographic imaging by multiple-viewpoint-projection based methods

Abstract

Methods of generating multiple viewpoint projection holograms of three-dimensional (3-D) realistic objects illuminated by incoherent white light are reviewed in this paper. Using these methods, it is possible to obtain holograms with a simple digital camera, operating in regular light conditions. Thus, most disadvantages characterizing conventional digital holography, namely the need for a powerful, highly coherent laser and extreme stability of the optical system, are avoided. The proposed holographic processes are composed of two stages. In the first stage, regular intensity-based images of the 3-D scene are captured from multiple points of view by a simple digital camera. In the second stage, the acquired projections are digitally processed to yield the complex digital hologram of the 3-D scene, where no interference is involved in the process. For highly reflecting 3-D objects, the resulting hologram is equivalent to an optical hologram of the objects recorded from the central point of view. We first review various methods to acquire the multiple viewpoint projections. These include the use of a microlens array and a macrolens array, as well as digitally generated projections that are not acquired optically. Next, we show how to digitally process the acquired projections to Fourier, Fresnel, and image holograms. Additionally, to obtain certain advantages over the known types of holograms, the proposed hybrid optical-digital process can yield novel types of holograms such as the modified Fresnel hologram and the protected correlation hologram. The prospective goal of these methods is to facilitate the design of a simple and portable digital holographic camera that can be useful for a variety of practical applications, including 3-D video acquisition and various types of biomedical imaging. We review several of these applications to signify the advantages of multiple viewpoint projection holography.

Distance Extraction by Means of Photon-Counting Passive Sensing Combined with Integral Imaging

“…During II recording, an elemental image array is generated, that has different views of the object. One advantage of II is that only a single exposure is required to obtain 3D information; no calibration is needed, unlike stereo imaging, and no active illumination is needed, unlike holography or light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [12,13]. A depth extraction technique using elemental images has been studied in [8][9][10][11].…”

Diffraction specific coherent panoramagrams of real scenes

“…Holographic stereogram synthesis using sequential images from multiple camera viewpoints was first demonstrated using incoherent scene illumination by McCrickerd et al in 1968 8 and has since developed into a mature technique. In particular, several studies 9 have examined digital techniques for assembling multiple incoherently-imaged viewpoints of a scene into digital or optical holograms. Recently, Blanche et al demonstrated holographic telepresence 10 using a re-writable photorefractive material; holographic images were written to the material after the post-processing of sixteen viewpoint images of a scene.…”

Extraction of Distance Information with Nonlinear Correlation of Photon-Counting Integral Imaging

“…The II recording process generates a set of elemental images with an array of pinholes or microlenses, thus an elemental image has different perspectives of a 3D object. Unlike stereo imaging, multiple-perspective imaging of an object can yield a compact 3D sensing system, as only a single exposure is required without any active illumination, unlike holography or light detection and ranging [15][16][17].…”