Review paper: imaging lidar by digital micromirror device

Takashima, Yuzuru; Hellman, Brandon

doi:10.1007/s10043-020-00620-w

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The vertical FOV varies between 4° and 60°, and a finest angular resolution of 0.1° in both directions can be summarized from commercial products. In the study by Takashima et al [ 13 ], the specifications for LiDAR systems are listed for an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and robotic car applications based on the sampling rate of current mechanical scanning LiDAR systems. In their study, forward-looking LiDAR systems have to detect objects up to 200 m with a 14° × 3.5° FOV and 0.3° × 0.3° angular resolution.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angular resolutions of 0.1°~0.2° are stated for LiDAR systems [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Since it directly affects the detection performance, object detection algorithms based on LiDAR point clouds must be considered when determining the required angular resolution.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Requirements For Lidar Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system can be classified as mechanical scanning with a collimated beam or flash irradiation setups with a diverging irradiance [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The specifications of some metrics for LiDAR systems, such as detection range, field of view (FOV), and angular resolution, are suggested in many studies [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, a consistent result cannot be summarized from them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Requirements for Automotive LiDAR Systems

Dai

Wolf

Ley

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are fundamental sensors that help driving tasks for autonomous driving at various levels. Commercially available systems come in different specialized design schemes and involve plenty of specifications. In the literature, there are insufficient representations of the technical requirements for LiDAR systems in the automotive context, such as range, detection quality, resolving power, field of view, and eye safety. For this reason, the requirements above require to be derived based on ADAS functions. The requirements for various key LiDAR metrics, including detection range, field of view, angular resolution, and laser safety, are analyzed in this paper. LiDAR systems are available with various radiation patterns that significantly impact on detection range. Therefore, the detection range under various radiation patterns is firstly investigated in this paper. Based on ADAS functions, the required detection range and field of view for LiDAR systems are examined, taking into account various travel speeds to avoid collision and the coverage of the entire lane width. Furthermore, the angular resolution limits are obtained utilizing the KITTI dataset and exemplary 3D detection algorithms. Finally, the maximum detection ranges for the different radiation patterns are compared under the consideration of derived requirements and laser safety.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Investigation Of the Requirements For Lidar Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Requirements for Automotive LiDAR Systems

Dai

Wolf

Ley

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Beam steering [1,2] has found widespread applications in near-eye displays, microscopy, and LiDAR (light detection and ranging). Both mechanical and non-mechanical beam controls have been developed [3][4][5][6][7]. Non-mechanical beam steering promises substantial benefits, and can be fulfilled by several approaches, including electrowetting [8,9], microlens arrays [10], polarization gratings [11,12], and optical phased arrays (OPA) [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Beam Angle Expander Based on Polymeric Liquid Crystal Polarization Lenses for LiDAR Applications

Luo

2022

Crystals

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A novel beam steering angle expander is demonstrated by cascading two polymeric liquid crystal polarization lenses with different diopters. The lens module performs as a planar telescope, which has features such as a light weight, low cost, and high precision. The magnifier offers wide-angle, continuous steering when integrated with an active fine-angle beam steering device. The potential application for LiDAR is emphasized.

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“…Laser beam steering is essential for applications such as lidar, display, metrology, optical interconnects [1,2], and object tracking [3] as well as scientific research tools, such as optical tweezers [4,5]. Among these, the lidar application requires simultaneously achieving mutually conflicting requirements, such as a high photon throughput, a fast scanning rate, a large angular throw, and a large device area, to detect objects at long distances with a high frame rate while ensuring laser safety for the eye [6]. These requirements are often conflicting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction Efficiency of MEMS Phase Light Modulator, TI-PLM, for Quasi-Continuous and Multi-Point Beam Steering

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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The recent development of the Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) Phase Light Modulator (PLM) enables fast laser beam steering for lidar applications by displaying a Computer-Generated Hologram (CGH) without employing an iterative CGH calculation algorithm. We discuss the application of MEMS PLM (Texas Instruments PLM) for quasi-continuous laser beam steering by deterministically calculated CGHs. The effect on the diffraction efficiency of PLM non-equally spaced phase levels was quantified. We also address the CGH calculation algorithm and an experimental demonstration that steered and scanned the beam into multiple regions of interest points, enabling beam steering for lidar without sequential raster scanning.

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Review paper: imaging lidar by digital micromirror device

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Requirements for Automotive LiDAR Systems

Requirements for Automotive LiDAR Systems

High-Precision Beam Angle Expander Based on Polymeric Liquid Crystal Polarization Lenses for LiDAR Applications

Diffraction Efficiency of MEMS Phase Light Modulator, TI-PLM, for Quasi-Continuous and Multi-Point Beam Steering

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