Revisiting immunosurveillance and immunostimulation: Implications for cancer immunotherapy

Ichim, Christine V.

doi:10.1186/1479-5876-3-8

Cited by 83 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 163 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Third, the immune system recognises pre-cancerous or cancerous cells and eliminates them before they can cause harm [35]. However, it has also been recognised that the immune system may have an immunostimulatory role as well, in which immune infiltrates in tumour cells facilitate tumour progression by secreting growth factors, inflammatory mediators and free radicals [36], thereby playing paradoxical roles during cancer development [37]. The duality of the immune system in cancer arises in part because of the decentralised nature of the immune system and the bilateral nature of the interaction between the tumour and the immune system of the host [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has also been recognised that the immune system may have an immunostimulatory role as well, in which immune infiltrates in tumour cells facilitate tumour progression by secreting growth factors, inflammatory mediators and free radicals [36], thereby playing paradoxical roles during cancer development [37]. The duality of the immune system in cancer arises in part because of the decentralised nature of the immune system and the bilateral nature of the interaction between the tumour and the immune system of the host [36]. Thus, the concept of immuno-editing has recently been introduced to explain this dual role of the immune system in tumour development [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gene Expression Changes in Spleens and Livers of Tumour-Bearing Mice Suggest Delayed Inflammation and Attenuated Cachexia in Response to Oil Palm Phenolics

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aim: Plant phenolics can inhibit, retard or reverse carcinogenesis, and may thus help prevent or treat cancer. Oil palm phenolics (OPP) previously showed anti-tumour activities in vivo via a cytostatic mechanism at 1,500 ppm gallic acid equivalent. Here, we report other possible molecular mechanisms by which this extract attenuates cancer, especially those concerning the immune response. Methods: We subcutaneously injected J558 myeloma cells in BALB/c mice and supplemented OPP orally at 1,500 ppm gallic acid equivalent. We observed the physiology parameters of these animals and harvested their spleens and livers after 18 h, 1 week and 4 weeks for microarray gene expression analysis using Illumina MouseRef-8 BeadChips. Results: Time course microarray analysis on spleens after injecting J558 myeloma cells in mice revealed that the immune response of tumour-bearing mice supplemented with OPP was lower compared to controls, thus suggesting delayed inflammation in response to OPP. In livers, cholesterol biosynthesis genes were upregulated while inflammatory genes were downregulated through time, further suggesting attenuation of systemic inflammation and cachexia. These effects correlated with the delayed in vivo development of syngeneic tumours in mice given OPP. Conclusions: This study suggests the possible utilisation of OPP as an anti-tumour and anti-cachexia agent.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Changes in Spleens and Livers of Tumour-Bearing Mice Suggest Delayed Inflammation and Attenuated Cachexia in Response to Oil Palm Phenolics

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IP-10 (CXCL10) has been reported to regulate lymphocyte invasion in uterine cancer and has angiostatic actions, with potential for reducing uterine cancer progression. CXCL10 expression is a reverse indicator for a poor prognosis for uterine cancer [159]. Conversely, modulating the Mig (CXCL9) / CXCR3 axis may enhance immune responses counter to breast cancer proliferation [21,62].…”

Section: Targeting Of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors As A Therapementioning

confidence: 98%

Viral Anti-Inflammatory Proteins: The Potential for Immunotherapeutic Applications in Cancer

Davids

Ramunujam

Liu

et al. 2008

AIAAMC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complex viruses such as herpes, poxvirus, HIV and influenza subvert the immune system, blocking host antiviral defenses. The innate immune inflammatory response represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens. This first line of defense also initiates cellular healing after infection or injury. With tumors, however, the innate immune response is a classic double-edged sword, with the capacity to promote or terminate tumor progression. The proliferation and invasion of many cancers as well as metastasis have now been linked with an increase in many of the molecular signals that drive inflammation. Inflammatory responses are mediated by endothelial cells in the arterial walls and by neutrophils, monocytes /macrophages and T lymphocytes in the circulating blood. Activated cells release chemokines, cytokines, serine proteases in the thrombotic and thrombolytic pathways, apoptotic serine and cysteine proteases, and growth factors that accelerate cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. We are investigating potential therapeutic applications of virus-derived immune-modulating proteins, as immunotherapeutics for use in disease states driven by excessive inflammatory responses. In this review we will describe the roles of excess inflammatory responses in cancer and discuss potential applications of viral anti-inflammatory proteins for the treatment of cancer with special emphasis on immunemodulating proteins that target chemokine and serine protease pathways. These immune-modulating proteins represent a new class of naturally occurring, virus-derived immunomodulating drugs. While the rest of this special issue will be discussing virus induced disease, here we will discuss the potential for harvesting viral immune-modulating proteins as a new class of immunotherapeutic.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the use of TILs generated from subcutaneous tumor deposits showed a higher RR (49%), when compared with the use of those originating from lymph nodes (17%) ( P =0.006). 39 Mechanistically it appears that IL-2 co-administration provides a fertile ground for TIL-expansion and/or survival in vivo. 40 A note to consider are recent studies demonstrating expansion of CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells subsequent to administration of systemic IL-2.…”

Section: Adoptive Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy for Melanoma: Current Status and Perspectives

Alexandrescu

Ichim²,

Riordan³

et al. 2010

Journal of Immunotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Immunotherapy is an important modality in the therapy of patients with malignant melanoma. As our knowledge about this disease continues to expand, so does the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. Nevertheless, successful preclinical models do not always translate into clinically meaningful results. The authors give a comprehensive analysis of most recent advances in the immune anti-melanoma therapy, including interleukins, interferons, other cytokines, adoptive immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, as well as the use of different vaccines. We also present the fundamental concepts behind various immune enhancement strategies, passive immunotherapy, as well as the use of immune adjuvants. This review brings into discussion the results of newer and older clinical trials, as well as potential limitations and drawbacks seen with the utilization of various immune therapies in malignant melanoma. Development of novel therapeutic approaches, along with optimization of existing therapies, continues to hold a great promise in the field of melanoma therapy research. Use of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 antibodies, realization of the importance of co-stimulatory signals, which translated into the use of agonist CD40 monoclonal antibodies, as well as activation of innate immunity through enhanced expression of co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of dendritic cells by TLR agonists are only a few items on the list of recent advances in the treatment of melanoma. The need to engineer better immune interactions and to boost positive feedback loops appear crucial for the future of melanoma therapy, which ultimately resides in our understanding of the complexity of immune responses in this disease.

show abstract

Revisiting immunosurveillance and immunostimulation: Implications for cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 83 publications

References 163 publications

Gene Expression Changes in Spleens and Livers of Tumour-Bearing Mice Suggest Delayed Inflammation and Attenuated Cachexia in Response to Oil Palm Phenolics

Gene Expression Changes in Spleens and Livers of Tumour-Bearing Mice Suggest Delayed Inflammation and Attenuated Cachexia in Response to Oil Palm Phenolics

Viral Anti-Inflammatory Proteins: The Potential for Immunotherapeutic Applications in Cancer

Immunotherapy for Melanoma: Current Status and Perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About