Revisiting Stacking Fault Energy of Steels

Das, Avimanyu

doi:10.1007/s11661-015-3266-9

Cited by 124 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Due to the fact that nickel lowers the solubility of nitrogen within the austenite and increase the stacking fault energy it has been replaced by manganese in austenitic high nitrogen steels and austenitic high interstitial steels with nitrogen > 0.4 wt.% [22,34]. Thus the amount of the remaining nickel in such alloys is in the same order of magnitude as nitrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the nitrogen/nickel‐ratio on the cyclic behavior of austenitic high strength steels with twinning‐induced plasticity and transformation‐induced plasticity effects

Güler

Schymura

Fischer

et al. 2018

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Austenitic high nitrogen (AHNS) and austenitic high interstitial steels (AHIS) are of interest for mechanical engineering applications because of their unique combination of mechanical (strength, ductility), chemical (corrosion resistance) and physical (non-ferromagnetic) properties. But despite their high strength values e. g. after cold deformation up to 2 GPa in combination with an elongation to fracture of 30 %, which is based on twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) mechanisms and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) mechanisms, the fatigue limit remains relatively small. While for chromium-nickel steels the fatigue limit rises with about 0.5-times the elastic limit it does not at all for austenitic high-nitrogen steels or only to a much smaller extent for nickel-free austenitic high-interstitial steels. The reasons are still not fully understood but this behavior can roughly be related to the tendency for planar or wavy slip. Now the latter is hindered by nitrogen and promoted by nickel. This contribution shows the fatigue behavior of chromium-manganese-carbon-nitrogen (CrMnCn) steels with carbon + nitrogen-contents up to 1.07 wt.%. Beside the governing influence of these interstitials on fatigue this study displays, how the nitrogen/nickel-ratio might be another important parameter for the fatigue behavior of such steels.Keywords: Austenitic high strength steels / Ramberg-Osgood / twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) / transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) / nitrogen-nickel ratio / cyclic behavior Schlü sselwö rter: Austenitische hochfeste Stä hle / Ramberg-Osgood / durch Zwillingsbildung induzierte Plastizitä t (TWIP) / umwandlungsbewirkte Plastizitä t (TRIP) / Stickstoff-Nickel Verhä ltnis / zyklische Belastung Corresponding author: S. Gü ler, Institut fü r die Technologien der Metalle, Lehrstuhl Werkstofftechnik, Universitä t Duisburg-Essen,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the nitrogen/nickel‐ratio on the cyclic behavior of austenitic high strength steels with twinning‐induced plasticity and transformation‐induced plasticity effects

Güler

Schymura

Fischer

et al. 2018

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…e ! a 0 mechanism [54] becomes less favorable. Indeed, application of the empirical relations for estimating the martensite start temperatures for e, M e S , and a 0 , M a 0 S , [59] to the present alloy compositions before and after solution nitriding shows a strong decrease of both M e S and M a 0 S and a change from M e S > M a 0 S for relatively low nitrogen content to M e S < M a 0 S for the highest nitrogen contents.…”

Section: A Nitrogen Solubility and Effect Of Nitrogen On Mechanical mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This would facilitate cross slip of dislocations and thereby reduction of the dislocation density by annihilation in stage III hardening. According to a recent review, [54] nitrogen has been observed to either reduce or enhance the stacking fault energy in austenitic steels. For the present, relatively high nitrogen contents, reduction in the work-hardening coefficient strongly suggests an increase in stacking fault energy.…”

Section: A Nitrogen Solubility and Effect Of Nitrogen On Mechanical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Nitriding of Deformed Austenitic Stainless Steels with Various Nitrogen Contents Obtained by Prior High-Temperature Solution Nitriding

Bottoli

Winther

Christiansen

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans A

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In the past decades, high nitrogen steels (HNS) have been regarded as substitutes for conventional austenitic stainless steels because of their superior mechanical and corrosion properties. However, the main limitation to their wider application is their expensive production process. As an alternative, high-temperature solution nitriding has been applied to produce HNS from three commercially available stainless steel grades (AISI 304L, AISI 316, and EN 1.4369). The nitrogen content in each steel alloy is varied and its influence on the mechanical properties and the stability of the austenite investigated. Both hardness and yield stress increase and the alloys remain ductile. In addition, strain-induced transformation of austenite to martensite is suppressed, which is beneficial for subsequent low-temperature nitriding of the surface of deformed alloys. The combination of high-and low-temperature nitriding results in improved properties of both bulk and surface.

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“…Ti 6Al 4V alloy and steels are found to have moderate strain hardening behaviour, comparing to copper, which can be easily strengthened via work hardening [19,20]. It is also worth mentioning the link between stacking-fault energy (SFE) and strain hardening, as metals and alloys with wider stacking faults (low SFE) like stainless steels, strain harden more rapidly [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-indentation mapping of fretting-induced surface layers

Liskiewicz

Kubiak

Comyn

2017

Tribology International

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Tribologically modified surface layer results from the energy dissipated in the frictional contact area. This layer usually has a different elastic modulus and hardness from the substrate, and its structure corresponds to the intermediate stage between a material of the first-body and debris of the third-body. Even though, the existence of the tribologically transformed structure in the fretting contact has been well proven, the formation and mechanical transformation mechanisms are still not clear. Hence, in this paper, evolution of mechanical properties of four metallic materials (titanium alloy, stainless steel, carbon steel, copper alloy) induced by fretting was investigated using nano-indentation mapping of the fretting wear scars. It was shown that the tribologically transformed structure formed very quickly within the initial fretting cycles, and its mechanical properties remained almost constant during the entire test duration for tested materials. However, it was observed that all materials responded differently to the frictional energy, exhibiting particular rate of change of the H/E ratio before and after the fretting experiment. Modified XRD technique was used to probe the friction induced changes within the small spots of the fretting scars, and revealed distinctive structural modifications within the transformed layers. The approach proposed in this study can be used to inform the predictive 2 wear models, by providing information about the evolution of the mechanical properties of the tribo-system with time.

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Revisiting Stacking Fault Energy of Steels

Cited by 124 publications

References 159 publications

The influence of the nitrogen/nickel‐ratio on the cyclic behavior of austenitic high strength steels with twinning‐induced plasticity and transformation‐induced plasticity effects

The influence of the nitrogen/nickel‐ratio on the cyclic behavior of austenitic high strength steels with twinning‐induced plasticity and transformation‐induced plasticity effects

Low-Temperature Nitriding of Deformed Austenitic Stainless Steels with Various Nitrogen Contents Obtained by Prior High-Temperature Solution Nitriding

Nano-indentation mapping of fretting-induced surface layers

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