Rhodanese in insects

Beesley, S G; Compton, Stephen G.; Jones, David A.

doi:10.1007/bf00987603

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The activity is present in species feeding on cyanogenic plants and also, at similar levels, in other species, not known to feed on cyanogenic plants; the distribution is apparently unrelated to cyanide exposure (Long and Brattsten, 1982;Beesley et al, 1985;see Brattsten, Chapter 6 in this test).…”

Section: Thiosulfate Sulfur Transferasementioning

confidence: 92%

Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals

Ahmad

Brattsten

Mullin

et al. 1986

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

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Section: Thiosulfate Sulfur Transferasementioning

confidence: 92%

Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals

Ahmad

Brattsten

Mullin

et al. 1986

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyommatus icarus produces the enzyme rhodanese to detoxify cyanide (Parsons & Rothschild 1964;Beesley, Compton & Jones 1985). Assuming a cost of detoxification (Beesley et al 1985;Jones 1988) or direct negative effects of allelochemicals, larvae may perform differently on L. corniculatus genotypes containing different quantities of allelochemicals. Furthermore, if allelochemical production changes with CO 2 concentration, host plant quality may differ in different environments, and genotypes might even change in their relative quality as food plants for P. icarus larvae with changing environmental condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of leaf chemistry of Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) on larval development of Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): effects of elevated CO₂ and plant genotype

et al. 1999

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1. Four Lotus corniculatus genotypes differing in cyanoglycoside and condensed tannin concentrations were grown in either low (350 ppm) or high (700 ppm) atmospheric CO2 environments. Larval performance, consumption and conversion efficiency of Polyommatus icarus feeding on this plant material were measured. 2. Plants grown under elevated CO2 contained less cyanoglycosides, more condensed tannins and more starch than control plants. However, water concentration, nitrogen and protein as well as nitrogen concentration in relation to carbon concentration did not differ between CO2 treatments. 3. The four genotypes differed significantly in condensed tannins, cyanoglucoside, leaf water and leaf nitrogen but no genotype–CO2 interaction was detected, except for total phenolics and condensed tannins in which two plant genotypes showed stronger increases under elevated CO2 than the other two. 4. Larvae of P. icarus consumed more plant material and used and converted it more efficiently from plants grown at high atmospheric CO2. 5. Larvae developed significantly faster and were significantly heavier when fed plant material grown under elevated CO2. The observed difference in mass disappeared in the pupal and adult stages. However, lipid concentration of adults from the elevated CO2 treatment was marginally significantly higher than of controls. 6. It is concluded that the higher carbohydrate concentration of L. corniculatus plants grown at elevated CO2 renders leaves more suitable and better digestible to P. icarus. Furthermore, differences in allelochemicals might influence the palatability of L. corniculatus leaves for this specialist on Fabaceae.

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“…Confined to the lumen, the HCN released would be bound to cause the greatest harm. This will depend on the size, eating strategy of the predator, amount of plant eaten, and the intervention of metabolic processes of detoxification such as the rhodanese sulfur transfer and the β-cyanoalanine pathway (Beesley et al, 1985). Inhibition of plant β-glucosidase activity by the herbivore mouth secretions is also conceivable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the Natural Evolution of Hydrogen Cyanide in Plants in Neotropical Pteridium arachnoideum and its Ecological Significance

Alonso‐Amelot

Oliveros‐Bastidas

2005

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract-The time-dependent natural release of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was studied quantitatively using young croziers of the neotropical bracken fern Pteridium arachnoideum. HCN production was quantified in crushed tissue using a flow reactor at 30.0 ± 0.1 • C. Released HCN was carried into appropriate traps with a moist air flow. Aliquots were drawn from the traps at fixed time intervals, and the HCN concentration was evaluated spectroscopically. All available prunasin (Pru), the only cyanogenic glycoside present, underwent decomposition into HCN in less than 1200 min. Fiddleheads (N = 76) contained 1.84-107.70 mg Pru g −1 dw in a continuous fashion suggesting genetic polymorphism. Acyanogenic morphs were rare (1/77). From the kinetics of the samples with Pru content near the median histographic distribution (N = 46), accumulated HCN formation as a function of time, initial velocities, average HCN production rate, and corresponding rate equations were obtained. Initial and average velocities correlated well with total Pru content. The yield of cyanide liberation varied widely between 0.51 and 47.86 µg HCN min −1 g −1 dw and was a linear function of [Pru] t . However, the β-glucosidase enzyme involved in this reaction was not rate limiting and occurs in excess in the natural system. Enzyme activity was found to be independent of [Pru] t . The contribution of HCN as an allomone-upon-request against herbivores was assessed quantitatively. Bracken fiddleheads produced a pulse of HCN soon after tissue injury that waned rapidly, leaving a large portion of intact prunasin to decompose more slowly in the herbivore's lumen. The balance between the external * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: alonso@ula.ve ALONSO-AMELOT AND BASTIDAS and internal courses was found to depend on the concentration of prunasin in the plant, the amount of crozier eaten, and the time used to consume it.Key Words-Cyanogenesis, kinetics, defense, herbivory, Pteridium arachnoideum.Abbreviations: [Pru] t , Total prunasin contained in a given sample; ν A , Average velocity of HCN formation; ν R , Average velocity of HCN evolution relative to [Pru] t in the sample; ν i , Initial velocity of HCN formation during the first few minutes after tissue crushing; , The time-dependent accumulated formation of HCN g −1 dw of crozier relative to [Pru] t ; ν A / τ, Time-dependent variation in the velocity of HCN evolution.

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Rhodanese in insects

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals

Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals

Influence of leaf chemistry of Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) on larval development of Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): effects of elevated CO₂ and plant genotype

Kinetics of the Natural Evolution of Hydrogen Cyanide in Plants in Neotropical Pteridium arachnoideum and its Ecological Significance

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Rhodanese in insects

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals

Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Plant Allelochemicals

Influence of leaf chemistry of Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) on larval development of Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): effects of elevated CO2 and plant genotype

Kinetics of the Natural Evolution of Hydrogen Cyanide in Plants in Neotropical Pteridium arachnoideum and its Ecological Significance

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Influence of leaf chemistry of Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) on larval development of Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): effects of elevated CO₂ and plant genotype