Ricochet of non-spinning projectiles, mainly from water Part I: Some historical contributions

Johnson, Walter A.

doi:10.1016/s0734-743x(97)00032-8

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The critical angle of a projectile was measured in experiments, and some formulae were established to predict the critical angle of projectile. The critical angle of a spinning projectile was also investigated 2,3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricochet of Spheres on Sand of Various Temperature

Kim

Choi

2018

Def. Sc. Jl.

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The debris generated by the explosion of a building or ammunition is flown far away through the ricochet phenomenon. The debris contains a very large amount of energy, and a risk factor surrounding it may be applied. The safety distance from debris is set from experiments or FEM analysis. The ricochet of debris is affected not only by the initial conditions of the debris, but also by the conditions of the medium. In this paper, the effect of sand temperature on the ricochet of sphere projectiles was investigated through experiments and FEM, by measuring the shear stress and internal friction angle when the sand temperature increases. As the temperature of the sand increases, the shear stress and the internal friction angle decrease, and the penetration depth of the projectile increases. As the depth of penetration becomes longer, the kinetic energy is lost more by the friction force with the sand and, the sphere projectile speed decreases more. This is mainly caused by the energy loss of the projectile, so the kinetic energy of the ricocheted projectile is reduced. Therefore, when setting the optimized inhabited building distance (IBD), the conditions of the medium should be taken into account.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricochet of Spheres on Sand of Various Temperature

Kim

Choi

2018

Def. Sc. Jl.

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“…Most earlier works on solid-fluids interface interaction has been motivated by the interaction of large objects such as; tossing of ships by rough seas [12], landing of seaplanes [18] and ricocheting of canon balls off a water surface [11]. In these applications the surface tension force plays a minor role, as the buoyancy force and the pressure impulse primarily determines the resulting dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of the coupling problems of a solid sphere impacting on a liquid free surface

Do-Quang

Amberg

2010

Mathematics and Computers in Simulation

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“…There exists a critical angle between the flying direction and the surface direction. In mechanics, this phenomenon is named as ricochet [1][2] . Until now, its theoretical formulation is still been required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this topic, the papers [1] and [2] give a good introduction. The resent situation can be found in the review paper [3] and others [4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hard Fling Objector Contact with Surface of Fluid as a Ricochet

Xiao

2010

MCA

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For a hard flying objector contacts with the surface of fluid, there exists a critical contact angle between the flying direction and the surface direction. When the actual contact angle is less than the critical angle, the flying objector will get additional moment in flying direction and be rebounded up to tens grades. This critical angle is determined by the flying velocity and elastic constants of fluid. These phenomena are named as ricochet which essentially is due to the dynamic pressure of the fluid acting upwards on the flying objector to overcome its gravity force. Although the skipping of a flat stone on water surface is well known practices, the essential theoretic interpretation is not suitably formulated. In this research, it is shown that the fluid has two typical deformation modes: one is orthogonal rotational deformation (which is related with conventional contact), another is orthogonal rotation with intrinsic volume expansion. For the first kind of deformation, the dynamic pressure is inward direction, so the objector will sink into the fluid. However, for the second of deformation, the dynamic pressure is upward direction, so the flying objector will be raised up. It is this mechanism that produces the ricochet phenomenon. In this paper, the dynamic stress is determined by the fluid deformation. Then the contact condition equations are used to establish the related phenomenon. Based on these formulations, the critical angle is expressed by the flying velocity, mass and the fluid viscosity parameters. The related mechanic equations are formulated also. These results may promote the researches on the dynamic contact problem with bifurcation, such as ricochet and/or emerging.

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Ricochet of non-spinning projectiles, mainly from water Part I: Some historical contributions

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Ricochet of Spheres on Sand of Various Temperature

Ricochet of Spheres on Sand of Various Temperature

Numerical simulation of the coupling problems of a solid sphere impacting on a liquid free surface

Hard Fling Objector Contact with Surface of Fluid as a Ricochet

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