Risk Difference of Multidrug Resistance Organisms (MDROs) According to Risk Factor and Hand Hygiene Compliance

Abstract

Nosocomial infections is still global public health problems. Along with the problems there are resistance bacterial problem to multiple classes of antibiotics, defined as multidrug resistance organisms (MDROs). Incidence rates of MDROs in ICU is higher than in other treatment unit. Rational antibiotic use and controlling the transmission of bacterial is important to avoid MDROs. The purpose of this study was to analyze Risk Differences of MDROs according to risk factors and hand hygiene compliance in ICU patients. This study used case control design with sample size was 20 patients for each case and control groups. Samples in cases group were patients infected by MDROs in ICU, while the samples in control group were patients in ICU didn’t infected by MDROs. The independent variable are long term use of antibiotic, length of stay, the use of ventilator, and hand hygiene compliance by health worker. Analyze data used OR (Odds Ratio) and RD (Risk Difference). The conclusion was that Risk Difference of MDROs infection by long term use of antibiotics (OR 10.23 95% CI 1.12 < OR < 93.35; RD = 0.47), length of stay (OR 7.36 95% CI 1.34<OR<40.55; RD = 0.44), the use of ventilator devices (OR 9.00 95% CI 1.64 < OR < 49.45; RD = 0.48) and hand hygiene compliance (OR 6.00 95% CI 1.46 < OR < 24.69; RD = 0.42). The conclusion was that maintaining hygiene before medical treatment, environment and health workers body should be implemented so can’t became a media for bacterial MDROs growth.Keywords: antibiotic,ventilator, length of stay, hand hygiene, MDROs

Short Communication: Pattern of antibiotic resistance on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes producing Escherichia coli on laying hens in Blitar, Indonesia

“…The use of antibiotics in animal husbandry provides benefits for animals and farmer, but can pose a risk of antibiotic resistance (Suardana et al 2014). The use of antibiotics without clear indications has caused many bacteria to become resistant (Kurniawati et al 2015). In developing countries, including in Indonesia, very little data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is found.…”

“…In developing countries, including in Indonesia, very little data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is found. Development of an effective surveillance system needs to be done, to monitor the emergence of antibiotic resistance (Kurniawati et al 2015). The use of antibiotics in animals can promote the development of antibiotic resistance, one of which is Escherichia coli which produces extendedspectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) enzyme (Hammerum et al 2014).…”

Apa yang Harus Dipahami Perawat Tentang Pencegahan Nosokomial Terkait Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROS)?

“…Langkah penting selanjutnya yang telah lama diketahui penting dalam mencegah penularan MDRO adalah praktik kebersihan tangan. Menjaga kebersihan sebelum melakukan tindakan harus dilakukan agar tidak menjadi media pertumbuhan bakteri MDRO (Kurniawati et al, 2015, Tschudin-Sutter et al, 2010. Kepatuhan yang tinggi terhadap penerapan praktik kebersihan tangan membutuhkan strategi.…”

Profil Fitokimia Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Tanaman Mangga : Review Artikel

“…Antibiotik ini bisa didapatkan dari berbagai macam sumber seperti bakteri, jamur, tanaman, atau apapun yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan membunuh mikroorganisme disebut dengan antibiotik [3] [4]. Seiring dengan banyaknya kasus infeksi membuat obat antibiotik sering digunakan, saat ini konsumsi antibiotik mencapai 40 -64 % [5] [1]. Penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional dapat menyebabkan efek yang tidak baik bagi manusia seperti terjadinya resistensi atau kekebalan bakteri terhadap obat antibakteri, adanya peningkatan efek samping obat, dan kematian [4].…”