Risk factors for alcoholic liver disease in China

Lu, Xiaolan; Luo, Jin-Yan; Tao, Ming; Yan, Gen; Zhao, Ping; Zhao, Hongli; Zhang, Xiaodong; Dong, Nei

doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i16.2423

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in industrialized Shanghai with a high Western life style [15][16][17] . However, the prevalence of current alcohol drinking among Shanghai adults is relative lower (only accounting for 13.0% of the total population and 24.5% of men), than that in other cities of China (accounting for 27.0% in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and 35.1% in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) [18,19] . According to the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in the USA, 57.9% of the participants were current alcohol drinkers with a higher percentage of men (66.0%) than of women (50.0%) [9] , and the prevalence of current alcohol drinking in 27 030 healthy Korean men was even up to 83.3% [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: A randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation

Fan

Cai²,

Lui³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM:To examine the relations of alcohol consumption to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Shanghai adults. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling of Shanghai adults, who were evaluated for alcohol consumption and each component of metabolic syndrome, using the adapted U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Current alcohol consumption was defined as more than once of alcohol drinking per month. RESULTS:The study population consisted of 3953 participants (1524 men) with a mean age of 54.3 ± 12.1 years. Among them, 448 subjects (11.3%) were current alcohol drinkers, including 405 males and 43 females. After adjustment for age and sex, the prevalence of current alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome in the general population of Shanghai was 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Compared with non drinkers, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension was higher while the prevalence of abdominal obesity, low serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and diabetes mellitus was lower in subjects who consumed alcohol twice or more per month, with a trend toward reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Among the current alcohol drinkers, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, fasting plasma glucose, and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia tended to increase with increased alcohol consumption. However, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, prevalence of abdominal obesity, low serum HDL-C and metabolic syndrome showed the tendency to decrease. Moreover, these statistically significant differences were independent of gender and age. CONCLUSION:Current alcohol consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome irrespective of alcohol intake (g/d), and has a favorable influence on HDL-C, waist circumference, and possible diabetes mellitus. However, alcohol intake increases the likelihood of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. The clinical significance of these findings needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: A randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation

Fan

Cai²,

Lui³

et al. 2008

WJG

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“…In addition, binary logistic regression analysis verified that the ALD patients had a significantly higher BMI and GGT level. Hence, ALD is associated with the BMI and liver functional impairment, supporting the viewpoint that this disease is related to overweight (Qu et al 2015a, b) and obesity (Lu et al 2004). The serum GGT level may be elevated in hepatobiliary disease, with or without elevations in the levels of other liver enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In addition, ALD is a potentially avoidable disease because chronic excess alcohol consumption is required for its development. In the Chinese population, the ethanol risk threshold for developing ALD is 20 g per day, and the risk increases with increased daily ethanol intake (Lu et al 2004). ALD occurs in 80 % of unselected heavy drinkers who consume an excess of 80 g of alcohol a day (Levene and Goldin 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between circulating inflammatory molecules and alcoholic liver disease in men

Jia³

et al. 2016

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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The association between alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the inflammatory response remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore this association between ALD and inflammation. We enrolled 214 male participants, who were divided into three age-matched groups: ALD (n = 135), chronic alcohol ingestion without ALD (non-ALD; n = 42), and control (n = 37). The BMI was significantly higher in the ALD group than in the non-ALD and control groups (all P = 0.000). Further, the constituent ratio of the liver inflammatory level was significantly higher in the ALD group than in the non-ALD and control groups (P = 0.002 and P = 0.000, respectively). In addition, the median serum ALT, AST, and GGT levels were significantly higher in the ALD group than in the control group (P = 0.023, P = 0.008, and P = 0.000, respectively); these levels were also significantly higher in the ALD group than in the non-ALD group (P = 0.013, P = 0.010, and P = 0.000, respectively). The median serum CRP level was significantly higher in the ALD group than in the non-ALD and control groups (P = 0.006 and P = 0.000, respectively). Further, the median serum TNF-α level was significantly lower in the ALD group than in the non-ALD and control groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.000, respectively). The median serum sOX40L and HSP70 levels were significantly lower in the ALD group than in the control group (P = 0.008 and P = 0.018, respectively). In addition, the ALT, AST, and GGT levels were positively correlated with the CRP level (r = 0.211, P = 0.002; r = 0.220, P = 0.001 and r = 0.295, P = 0.000, respectively), and the GGT level was negatively correlated with the TNF-α (r = −0.225, P = 0.001), sOX40L (r = −0.165, P = 0.016), and HSP70 levels (r = −0.178, P = 0.009). Further, the Cr level was negatively correlated with the IL-10 level (r = −0.166, P = 0.015). Logistic regression analysis verified that the BMI (OR = 1.637, 95%CI: 1.374-1.951, P = 0.000) and GGT level were significantly higher (OR = 1.039, 95%CI: 1.020-1.059, P = 0.000) and that the TNF-α (OR = 0.998, 95%CI: 0.996-1.000, P = 0.030) and HSP70 levels were significantly lower (OR = 1.017, 95%CI: 1.003-1.031, P = 0.029) in the ALD group than in the non-ALD group. Further, the moderate-to-severe ALD patients had a significantly higher serum CRP level (Or = 1.349, 95%CI: 1.066-1.702, P = 0.013) and significantly lower HSP60 (OR = 0.965, 95%CI: 0.938-0.993, P = 0.014) and HSP70 levels (OR = 0.978, 95%CI: 0.962-0.995, P = 0.010) than the mild ALD patients. These results suggest that ALD patients may present with obesity, liver damage, and an imbalanced inflammatory immune response, mainly manifesting as decreased levels of immune inflammatory cytokines. In addition, they suggest that certain liver and kidney function parameters and ALD severity are either positively or negatively correlated with certain inflammatory cytokines. Hence, ALD patients may be at increased risks of obesity-and inflammation-related diseases. Accordingly, to control the inflammatory response, preventativ...

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“…Drinking while fasting is more likely to lead to liver injury than drinking with meals. 37 Women have been found to be more sensitive to alcoholmediated hepatotoxicity and may develop more severe ALD with lower alcohol consumption and shorter durations of drinking than men. 38 The increase in the mortality rate of ALD is related to the degree of malnutrition in the patient.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Aldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Role of Antioxidants in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Adak

2018

Med Phoenix

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Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is a serious cause of liver disease worldwide. Any abnormality or dysfunction of the liver leads major impairment of the organ function, which in turn, influences the health of the individual. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) includes fatty liver, hepatic inflammation, liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, alcoholic hepatitis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. The metabolism of ethanol generates reactive oxygen species, which play a significant role in the deterioration of alcoholic liver disease. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury.Antioxidants, phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, regulate the expression of ALDassociated proteins and peptides, namely, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in-vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as antiinflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits.

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Risk factors for alcoholic liver disease in China

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: A randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation

Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: A randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation

Association between circulating inflammatory molecules and alcoholic liver disease in men

Protective Role of Antioxidants in Alcoholic Liver Disease

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