Risk factors for atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes on long-term hemodialysis

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the progression of cardiovascular mortality, exacerbated by the development of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, which requires long-term hemodialysis (LTH). However, in the case of LTH cardiovascular mortality exceeds that in the general population, especially in patients with diabetes. The identification of risk factors for the progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients with DM on LTH is of great importance for finding a more effective approach to the prevention of cardiovascular mortality in a given cohort of patients. The presented review contains analysis of current literature data on the evaluation of both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity in order to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics.

Exploring the role of the combination of propolis and vitamin D3 on VCAM-1 and Caspase-3 expression in preventing atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease rats

“…The diameter of the two groups was almost the same at the beginning, while at the end of the study the control group had a diameter of even premature mortality. [19][20][21][22] CKD is also characterized by decreased antiatherogenic properties and has a role in the process of atherosclerosis in increased cardiovascular morbidity. 19,22-24 CKD can cause calcium deposition leading to vascular calcification.…”

Atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and related diseases: unresolved issues

“…In conclusion, I would like to thank the scientists and researchers who have contributed to this special issue of "Vessel Plus" and shared their own thoughts on recent fundamental, generalized and clinical findings, all of which are aimed at evaluating atherosclerosis-related and metabolic pathologies [31][32][33][34] .…”