Risk Factors for Preeclampsia

Shiozaki, Arihiro; Saito, Shigeru

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_1

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The risk factors for pre-eclampsia ascertained in this study are similar to the risk factors that have been described in other studies conducted in different countries [3,8,13]. Most of the studies showed that the risk of pre-eclampsia increases with age [8,11,12,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Pre-eclampsia is an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure to ≥140 mm of Hg and ≥90 mm of Hg respectively in two or more consecutive occasions (≥4 h apart) after 20 weeks of gestation; the rise in blood pressure is combined with one or more of the following conditions: (1) proteinuria (a 24-h urine collection with a total protein excretion of ≥ 300mg or ≥ 1 + on urine dipstick); (2) evidence of other maternal organ dysfunction such as renal insufficiency (creatinine < 90 umol/L), liver involvement (elevated transaminases or epigastric pain), neurological complications, hematological complications; (3) fetal growth restriction [1]. There are several maternal and clinical risk factors that either alone or in combination may contribute to the high risk of pre-eclampsia; genetic factors, diet, parity, gestational weight gain, maternal age, twin pregnancy, previous history of pre-eclampsia, maternal pre-existing conditions (such as diabetes, chronic hypertension, and infections) are considered to play influential roles in the development of pre-eclampsia [2,3]. Pre-eclampsia is an important cause of maternal, perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; it complicates about 2–8% of pregnancies [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study

Das

Das²,

Bajracharya

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This study aims to determine the incidence of pre-eclampsia and distribution of risk factors of pre-eclampsia at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A retrospective study included 4820 pregnant women from 17 September to 18 December 2017. Data were obtained from the medical records of the hospital’s Statistics Department. Associations between the risk factors and pre-eclampsia were determined using logistic regression analysis and expressed as odds ratios. The incidence rate of pre-eclampsia in the study population was 1.8%. Higher incidence of pre-eclampsia was observed for women older than 35 years (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR)= 3.27; (Confidence Interval, CI 1.42–7.52) in comparison to mothers aged 20–24 years, primiparous women (AOR = 2.12; CI 1.25–3.60), women with gestational age less than 37 weeks (AOR = 3.68; CI 2.23–6.09), twins pregnancy (AOR = 8.49; CI 2.92–24.72), chronic hypertension (AOR = 13.64; CI 4.45–41.81), urinary tract infection (AOR = 6.89; CI 1.28–36.95) and gestational diabetes (AOR = 11.79; CI 3.20–43.41). Iron and calcium supplementation appear to be protective. Age of the mothers, primiparity, early gestational age, twin pregnancy, chronic hypertension, urinary tract infection and gestational diabetes were the significant risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Iron and calcium supplementation and young aged women were somewhat protective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study

Das

Das²,

Bajracharya

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are maternal and clinical risk factors that contribute to the high risk of preeclampsia, such as genetic factors, diet, parity, gestational weight gain, maternal age, multiple pregnancies, and previous preeclampsia history. Preexisting maternal conditions such as diabetes, chronic hypertension, and infections) are thought to play an influential role in preeclampsia development [19], [20]. Risk factors for preeclampsia include first pregnancy, obesity, hypertension, older age, and DM [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk Factors toward Preeclampsia Events of Pregnant Women in Meureubo and Johan Pahlawan Community Health Center West Aceh

Yushida

Zahara

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of preeclampsia cases in the province of Aceh has increased every year. This case in West Aceh District has increased from year to year in pregnancy that can have adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. AIM: Analyzing risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in the working area of the Meureubo and Johan Pahlawan Puskesmas, Aceh Barat district. METHODS: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control study design. The study population was pregnant women in Meureubo and Johan Pahlawan subdistricts of Aceh Barat district. The sample selection is purposive sampling, amounting to 42 people – bivariate data analysis using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: There is a significant relationship between the knowledge factor and preeclampsia incidence with a p = 0.029 < 0.05. The analysis results obtained an odds ratio (OR) = 0.171, which means that pregnant women with inadequate knowledge have a 0.171 fold risk of developing preeclampsia. There is a significant relationship between the incidence of hypertension and preeclampsia incidence in pregnant women with a p = 0.009 < 0.05. The analysis results obtained an OR = 2.50, which means that pregnant women who have a history of hypertension have a 2.50 times risk of experiencing preeclampsia compared to other pregnant women. The variables of age, parity, food consumption, and history of diabetes mellitus were not significantly associated with preeclampsia incidence in pregnant women with p > 0.05. CONCLUSION: There is a significant effect of providing a self-empowerment-based education package to the elderly on the level of knowledge and oral hygiene status of the elderly in Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar (p < 0.05).

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“…Standard survival analysis methods may not have optimally controlled for time-varying covariates. 15 , 16 , 17 In addition, because the system of covariates was complex, with possible interactions over decades of follow-up, traditional regression analysis would have produced a biased estimate because of the difficulty of model specification. 18 , 19 Therefore, we used marginal structural models (MSMs) to account for time-varying covariates and censoring, with a fixed exposure plan for preeclampsia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Preeclampsia With Incident Stroke in Later Life Among Women in the Framingham Heart Study

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Contemporary research suggests an association between preeclampsia and later-life stroke among women. To our knowledge, no research to date has accounted for the time-varying nature of shared risk factors for preeclampsia and later-life stroke incidence. OBJECTIVE To assess the relative risk of incident stroke in later life among women with and without a history of preeclampsia after accounting for time-varying covariates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis population-based cohort study was a secondary analysis of data from the Framingham Heart Study, which was conducted from 1948 to 2016. Women were included in the analysis if they were stroke free at enrollment and had a minimum of 3 study visits and 1 pregnancy before menopause, hysterectomy, or age 45 years. Data on vascular risk factors, history of preeclampsia, and stroke incidence were collected biannually. Participants were followed up until incident stroke or censorship from the study. Marginal structural models were used to evaluate the relative risk of incident stroke among participants with and without a history of preeclampsia after accounting for time-varying covariates. Data were analyzed from May 2019 to December 2020.EXPOSURES Presence or absence of preeclampsia among women with 1 or more pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident stroke in later life.RESULTS A total of 1435 women (mean [SD] age, 44.4 [7.7] years at the beginning of the study; 100% White) with 41 422 person-years of follow-up were included in the analytic sample. Of those, 169 women had a history of preeclampsia, and 231 women experienced strokes during follow-up. At baseline, women with preeclampsia were more likely to be younger, to be receiving cholesterollowering medications, to have lower cholesterol and higher diastolic blood pressure, and to currently smoke. The association between preeclampsia and stroke in the marginal structural model was only evident when adjustment was made for all vascular risk factors over the life course, which indicated that women with a history of preeclampsia had a higher risk of stroke in later life compared with women without a history of preeclampsia (relative risk, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.24-11.60). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe findings of this cohort study suggest that preeclampsia may be a risk factor for later-life stroke among women after adjustment for time-varying vascular and demographic factors. Future research is warranted to fully explore the mediation of this association by midlife vascular risk factors.

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Risk Factors for Preeclampsia

Cited by 19 publications

References 100 publications

Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study

Incidence and Risk Factors of Pre-Eclampsia in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Nepal: A Retrospective Study

The Risk Factors toward Preeclampsia Events of Pregnant Women in Meureubo and Johan Pahlawan Community Health Center West Aceh

Association of Preeclampsia With Incident Stroke in Later Life Among Women in the Framingham Heart Study

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