Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Highlight:1. One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus patients is coronary heart disease (CHD).2. The risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were observed.3. The risk factors of CHD more commonly found in T2DM patients were high-risk age, male sex, hypertension and dyslipidemia.Abstract:Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that becomes a concern in almost all countries in the world, particularly developing countries. Changes in lifestyle and genetic factors are causing the incidence of this disease to continue to increase every year. Nowadays, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by insulin resistance is the most common kind. One of its complications known as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes is coronary heart disease (CHD). Insulin resistance can lead to the atherosclerosis process that is the basis of coronary heart disease. It is said that conditions of hyperglycemia, hypercoagulable state, and high cholesterol can induce the process of atherosclerosis. Besides diabetes mellitus, the other risk factors that increase the incidence of CHD are sex, age, family history, dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of diabetes mellitus patients with coronary heart disease was conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014. Data were taken from medical records at the Department of Internal Medicine. Incomplete medical records were not included in this study. Risk factors analyzed were age, sex, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Results of this study were presented in a frequency distribution table. Results: Based on the data of 70 samples, risk factors of CHD in T2DM patients are found as follows: 44 (62.9%) samples were male, 56 (80%) high-risk aged group, 48 (68.6%) with dyslipidemia, and 50 (71.4%) with hypertension, while 24 (34.3%) samples had three risk factors at once. Conclusion: High-risk aged, male sex, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are more commonly found in T2DM patients with CHD. The more risk factors that one may have will increase the occurrence of cardiovascular disease within 10 years forward.

Effects of methotrexate, <em>Moringa oleifera</em>, and <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> extracts on the myocardial and aortic tissue of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemic rats

“…Hypertension and dyslipidemia are the common risk factors observed in patients with T2DM and are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. [36][37][38] MTX possesses a significant antihyperglycemic effect; however, the administration of this drug as a routine treatment to prevent DCM may not be feasible, considering its side effects, particularly in the myocardial tissue. 39,40 This might have also contributed to the death of a few experimental animals in the present study.…”

Nutritional Knowledge and Body Mass Index among Students at Novena University, Ogume, Nigeria

“…It is becoming more prevalent among Nigerians. Being overweight or obese shortens life expectancy, particularly in younger age groups, and increases the risk of various diseases and health conditions (e.g., hypertension, gallstones, coronary heart disease, and diabetes) (Munir et al 2016, Nugroho & Martini 2020, Putri et al 2022, Lysandra et al 2022. Several of the underlying causes include individual behaviors, environmental factors, heredity, and being overweight due to a long-term energy imbalance.…”

Edukasi Pencegahan dan Deteksi Dini Penyakit Kardiovaskular di Masa Pandemi COVID-19

“…Pemeriksaan tekanan darah dilakukan untuk penapisan penyakit hipertensi, sedangkan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah bertujuan untuk penapisan diabetes mellitus (DM). Penyakit DM merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penting terjadinya PKV 15 . Sebelum dilakukan pemeriksaan, peserta dianamnesis mengenai riwayat pribadi dan keluarga terkait PKV dan DM.…”