Risk Factors Relate to Visual Acuity in School Age Students of Public Primary School (SDN) 07 Pondok Labu South Jakarta

Abstract

Vision is one of the most important factors in the education process. Abnormalities of visual acuity in school-age children will impact their achievement. Myopia is appointed by WHO as one priority to restrain and prevent world blindness in 2020. Refraction disorder is third rank (0.14%) of blindness cause in Indonesia after cataract (0.78%) and glaucoma (0.20%). Jakarta itself has a 0.5% incidence of refraction disorder. This study was aimed to discover which factors determined the most to declining visual acuity which caused myopia. This was anobservational analytic study with a cross-sectional design from August – October 2017. The samples were all 144 students of fifth and sixth grade at Public Primary School (SDN) 07 Pondok Labu South Jakarta that compiled the criteria. Bivariate analysis results obtained that relation between risk factors with myopia occurrence with p-value of myopia family history 0.048 [OR=2.17(1.07-4.40)], knowledge 0.961 [OR=0.76(0.29-1.99) and, OR=0.90(0.39-2.05)], attitude 0.947 [OR=0.92(0.46-1.83)], behavior 0.149 [OR=0.43(0.18-1.02) and, OR=0.72 (0.32-1.63)], screen time 1.000[OR=0.99(0.51-1.91)], reading position 0.497 [OR=1.40(0.66-2.99)] dan reading distance 0.283 [OR=2.00(0.71-5.58)]. In conclusion, there was a relation between myopia family history with visual acuity and there was no relation between knowledge, attitude, behavior, screen time, reading position, dan reading distance with visual acuity. The main cause of myopia is the long anteroposterior axis of bulbus oculi that inherited from parents to children.

Correlation Between Sleep Duration and Visual Acuity: A Single Center Study

“…[16] There are several factors affecting visual acuity that are mentioned by many studies, including age, existing comorbidities, congenital conditions, and daily activities. [17], [18], [19] In addition, another factor that influences the incidence of visual impairment (VI) is sleep duration, which was revealed by the multivariate study of 29.815 participants from all races that there is a significant correlation between VI and sleep duration (OR =1.6; 95% CI = 1.5 -1.9). [20] Supported by the descriptive analysis among elderly (>50 years old) showed that 31.06% of them experienced moderate or severe visual impairment, and 46.81% of it having an abnormal sleep duration.…”

“…[35] Based on several studies conducted, the family history of myopia also plays an essential role in the condition of visual acuity accompanied by activities related to the duration of gadget use (screen time), which can cause fatigue in the eye muscle and reduce the amount of sleep. [19], [36] Research in 2009, conducted on computer informatics engineering students analyzed the relationship between computer use and decreased visual acuity and revealed that there was a positive correlation of 32.1% between the two variables. [37] In June 2017, a study about the relationship between the duration of playing video games and decreased vision, which was conducted on 76 children in an elementary school, also revealed that there was a significant relationship between the two variables studied.…”