RNA ‘Information Warfare’ in Pathogenic and Mutualistic Interactions

Chaloner, Thomas; Kan, Jan A.L. van; Grant-Downton, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.05.008

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Over recent years, several examples of the exchange of small RNAs between host plants and invading pathogens have been described, although the mechanistic details of the actual exchange remain to be elucidated (Knip et al ., ). Nevertheless, small RNA‐based bidirectional cross‐kingdom gene silencing has been proposed as a common mechanism for cross‐kingdom gene regulation in plant–pathogen interactions (Chaloner et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Weiberg et al ., ). For example, endogenous small RNAs from the fungus Botrytis cinerea have been proposed to transfer into host plants to target defence‐related plant transcripts to promote disease development (Weiberg et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Over recent years, several examples of the exchange of small RNAs between host plants and invading pathogens have been described, although the mechanistic details of the actual exchange remain to be elucidated (Knip et al, 2014). Nevertheless, small RNA-based bidirectional cross-kingdom gene silencing has been proposed as a common mechanism for cross-kingdom gene regulation in plant-pathogen interactions (Chaloner et al, 2016;Fig. 6 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants expressing the NLP1 RNAi construct show enhanced resistance against Verticillium dahliae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host‐induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis

Song

Thomma

2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

101

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SUMMARYVerticillium wilt, caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium, is an economically important disease that affects a wide range of host plants. Unfortunately, host resistance against Verticillium wilts is not available for many plant species, and the disease is notoriously difficult to combat. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an RNA interference (RNAi)-based process in which small RNAs are produced by the host plant to target parasite transcripts. HIGS has emerged as a promising strategy for the improvement of plant resistance against pathogens by silencing genes that are essential for these pathogens. Here, we assessed whether HIGS can be utilized to suppress Verticillium wilt disease by silencing three previously identified virulence genes of V. dahliae (encoding Ave1, Sge1 and NLP1) through the host plants tomato and Arabidopsis. In transient assays, tomato plants were agroinfiltrated with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) constructs to target V. dahliae transcripts. Subsequent V. dahliae inoculation revealed the suppression of Verticillium wilt disease on treatment with only one of the three TRV constructs. Next, expression of RNAi constructs targeting transcripts of the same three V. dahliae virulence genes was pursued in stable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In this host, V. dahliae inoculation revealed reduced Verticillium wilt disease in two of the three targets. Thus, our study suggests that, depending on the target gene chosen, HIGS against V. dahliae is operational in tomato and A. thaliana plants and may be exploited to engineer resistance in Verticillium wilt-susceptible crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Over recent years, several examples of the exchange of small RNAs between host plants and invading pathogens have been described, although the mechanistic details of the actual exchange remain to be elucidated (Knip et al, 2014). Nevertheless, small RNA-based bidirectional cross-kingdom gene silencing has been proposed as a common mechanism for cross-kingdom gene regulation in plant-pathogen interactions (Chaloner et al, 2016;Fig. 6 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants expressing the NLP1 RNAi construct show enhanced resistance against Verticillium dahliae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis

Song

Thomma

2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

101

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“…161 In response to predation by herbivores, plants are known to defend themselves with chemical weapons. 162,163 For example, coffee plants produce caffeine that can repel slugs and snails.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture

Chan

Snow

2016

RNA Biology

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The putative transfer and gene regulatory activities of diet-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) in ingesting animals are still debated. The existence of natural uptake of diet-derived sRNA by invertebrate species could have significant implication for our understanding of ecological relationships and could synergize with efforts to use RNA interference (RNAi) technology in agriculture. Here, we synthesize information gathered from studies in invertebrates using natural or artificial dietary delivery of sRNA and from studies of sRNA in vertebrate animals and plants to review our current understanding of uptake and impact of natural dietderived sRNA on invertebrates. Our understanding has been influenced and sometimes confounded by the diversity of invertebrates and ingested plants studied, our limited insights into how gene expression may be modulated by dietary sRNAs at the mechanistic level, and the paucity of studies focusing directly on natural uptake of sRNA. As such, we suggest 2 strategies to investigate this phenomenon more comprehensively and thus facilitate the realization of its potentially broad impact on ecology and agriculture in the future.

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“…It is generally assumed that sRNAs from plants are integral components of plant responses to adverse environmental conditions, including host-microbial interactions (Katiyar-Agarwal and Jin, 2010;Zhang et al, 2011a). While host sRNAs play important roles in pathogen resistance, pathogens also encode sRNAs to manipulate host defence responses and mediate virulence (Weiberg et al, 2013;Chaloner et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016). The necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea infects almost all vegetable and fruit crops, causing major losses worldwide.…”

Section: Fungal Strategies For Inhibiting Host Defence Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools of the crook‐ infection strategies of fungal plant pathogens

et al. 2018

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Fungi represent an ecologically diverse group of microorganisms that includes plant pathogenic species able to cause considerable yield loses in crop production systems worldwide. In order to establish compatible interactions with their hosts, pathogenic fungi rely on the secretion of molecules of diverse nature during host colonization to modulate host physiology, manipulate other environmental factors or provide self-defence. These molecules, collectively known as effectors, are typically small secreted cysteine-rich proteins, but may also comprise secondary metabolites and sRNAs. Here, we discuss the most common strategies that fungal plant pathogens employ to subvert their host plants in order to successfully complete their life cycle and secure the release of abundant viable progeny.

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RNA ‘Information Warfare’ in Pathogenic and Mutualistic Interactions

Cited by 51 publications

References 106 publications

Host‐induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis

Host‐induced gene silencing compromises Verticillium wilt in tomato and Arabidopsis

Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture

Tools of the crook‐ infection strategies of fungal plant pathogens

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