Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months

Wajnberg, Ania; Amanat, Fatima; Firpo, Adolfo; Altman, Deena R.; Bailey, Mark; Mansour, Mena; McMahon, Meagan; Meade, Philip; Mendu, Damodara Rao; Muellers, Kimberly; Stadlbauer, Daniel; Stone, Kimberly; Strohmeier, Shirin; Simon, Viviana; Aberg, Judith A.; Reich, David L.; Krammer, Florian; Cordon‐Cardo, Carlos

doi:10.1126/science.abd7728

Cited by 1,122 publications

(1,332 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our observations of measurable neutralizing activity in sera of patients with mild infections over a period of more than half a year support the notion that the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is persisting at least over several months. Our results are similar to recent findings in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients [17]. Corroborating evidence for this finding must be sought in similar, longitudinal investigations in future.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients

Flehmig

Schindler

Ruétalo

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The relationship between the nasopharyngeal virus load, IgA and IgG antibodies to both the S1-RBD-protein and the N-protein, as well as the neutralizing activity (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of moderately afflicted COVID-19 patients, needs further longitudinal investigation. Several new serological methods to examine these parameters were developed, validated and applied in three patients of a family which underwent an ambulatory course of COVID-19 for six months. The virus load had almost completely disappeared after about four weeks. Serum IgA levels to the S1-RBD-protein and, to a lesser extent, to the N-protein, peaked about three weeks after clinical disease onset but declined soon thereafter. IgG levels rose continuously, reaching a plateau at approximately six weeks, and stayed elevated over the observation period. Virus-neutralizing activity reached a peak about 4 weeks after disease onset but dropped slowly. The longitudinal associations of virus neutralization and the serological immune response suggest immunity in patients even after a mild clinical course of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients

Flehmig

Schindler

Ruétalo

et al. 2020

Viruses

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show abstract

“…Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 develop in most individuals after infection but decay with time 7,8,[27][28][29][30][31] . These antibodies are effective in prevention and therapy in animal models and are likely to play a role in protection from re-infection in humans 32 .…”

Section: Extended Data Fig 8b-k and Supplementarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Gaebler

Wang

Lorenzi

et al. 2020

Preprint

178

221

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SARS-CoV-2 has infected 47 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.2 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity that can protect against infection in animal models. Antibody levels decrease with time, but the nature and quality of the memory B cells that would be called upon to produce antibodies upon re-infection has not been examined. Here we report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection. We find that IgM, and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decrease significantly with IgA being less affected. Concurrently, neutralizing activity in plasma decreases by five-fold in pseudotype virus assays. In contrast, the number of RBD-specific memory B cells is unchanged. Memory B cells display clonal turnover after 6.2 months, and the antibodies they express have greater somatic hypermutation, increased potency and resistance to RBD mutations, indicative of continued evolution of the humoral response. Analysis of intestinal biopsies obtained from asymptomatic individuals 3 months after COVID-19 onset, using immunofluorescence, electron tomography or polymerase chain reaction, revealed persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the small bowel of 7 out of 14 volunteers. We conclude that the memory B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 evolves between 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection in a manner that is consistent with antigen persistence.

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“…The development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 has been assessed in COVID-19 patients at different disease stages and severities. Specific IgA, IgM, IgG, or total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including full length S protein, RBD, E, and N proteins, were assessed for binding activities in peripheral blood of a total of 4,261 patients (Table 1) Juno et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020a;Long et al, 2020a;Lou et al, 2020;Lynch et al, 2020;Ni et al, 2020;Prevost et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2020;To et al, 2020b;Wajnberg et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020e;Yu et al, 2020a;Zhang et al, 2020c;Zhao et al, 2020). Additional studies were also analyzed and presented in a systemic review (Deeks et al, 2020).…”

Section: Humoral Responses To Sars-cov-2 Infection In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people and caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking, and different therapeutic strategies are under testing. Host humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical determinant for patients’ outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in seroconversion and production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The antibodies may suppress viral replication through neutralization but might also participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement. Rapid progress has been made in the research of antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients, including characterization of the clinical features of antibody responses in different populations infected by SARS-CoV-2, treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobin products, isolation and characterization of a large panel of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and early clinical testing, as well as clinical results from several COVID-19 vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and discuss the implications of these findings in vaccine development.

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Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months

Cited by 1,122 publications

References 24 publications

Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients

Persisting Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 over Months in Sera of COVID-19 Patients

Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

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