Robustness Evaluation of Fast Breaker Failure Backup Protection in Bipolar HVDC Grids

Wang, M; Leterme, Willem; Beerten, Jef; Hertem, Dirk Van

doi:10.1049/cp.2017.0076

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…By including the measurements from all tested sampling frequencies, the data variance drastically increases, showing that higher sampling frequencies have a significant impact in the real-time response of the proposed platform. This frequency limitation indicates that this low-cost relay is not recommendable to run DC (Direct Current) power protection functions, since they require nonconventional instruments, able to provide high sampling frequencies, from tens of kHz to few MHz (Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Low-Cost Relay Prototype for Real-Time Power Protection Functions

Lopes¹,

Bertho²

2023

Learn. Nonlin. Mod.

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This paper presents a Raspberry Pi 3B+ based low-cost universal relay able to run power protection functions in real-time. The configurations necessary for this single-board computer to be able to provide real-time response are shown, as for latency tests to verify its response time. An experimental circuit was built to send three-phase fault signals from a Relay tester to the low-cost relay, in order to evaluate its response time to clear faults in comparison to a commercial relay. A neural networks algorithm was developed and executed in real-time by the proposed low-cost relay, which is able to differentiate three-phase faults from transient signals created from large load variations. The results show that the low-cost relay is capable of running simple and complex protection functions within a pre-defined runtime and acceptable precision, compared to a commercial protection relay. However, the sampling frequency the low-cost relay is able to handle is limited. The results have also shown that the low-cost relay meet the requirements for a soft real-time system, which is not ideal for practical power protection systems that require hard real-time systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Low-Cost Relay Prototype for Real-Time Power Protection Functions

Lopes¹,

Bertho²

2023

Learn. Nonlin. Mod.

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“…Typically, the steady-state value of fault currents is used for relay settings in AC systems [53]. However, in DC shipboards, the transient value of fault current may damage the converters [54]. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and isolate the faults in the DC system within 10 ms [55].…”

Section: Timing Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection Systems for DC Shipboard Microgrids

Bayati

Savaghebi

2021

Energies

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In recent years, shipboard microgrids (MGs) have become more flexible, efficient, and reliable. The next generations of future shipboards are required to be equipped with more focuses on energy storage systems to provide all-electric shipboards. Therefore, the shipboards must be very reliable to ensure the operation of all parts of the system. A reliable shipboard MG should be protected from system faults through protection selectivity to minimize the impact of faults and facilitate detection and location of faulty zones with the highest accuracy and speed. It is necessary to have an across-the-board overview of the protection systems in DC shipboards. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the issues and challenges faced in the protection of shipboard MGs. Furthermore, given the different types of components utilized in shipboard MGs, the fault behavior analysis of these components is provided to highlight the requirements for their protection. The protection system of DC shipboards is divided into three sub-systems, namely, fault detection, location, and isolation. Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of different existing fault detection, location, and isolation schemes, from traditional to modern techniques, on shipboard MGs is presented to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme.

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“…In [121], there is a comprehensive evaluation of this method under the operational delays and dynamic testing conditions, which shows that the proposed algorithms put less strain on MTdc network components, and that current limiting equipment are not needed. The classifier‐based algorithm is faster to detect failure than a current threshold‐based algorithm but has the drawbacks as follows: Detailed modelling and precise measurements are required to find a threshold boundary. Many data bundles, which are related to the power flow, impedance, and the location of the fault, are necessary to train the classifier. These models are vulnerable to noise signals from the measuring unit, such as current and voltage sensors. The classifier has to be trained again and reset if some modifications occur in the system. …”

Section: Backup Fault Detection and Location Protection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and backup fault detection techniques for multi‐terminal HVdc systems: a review

Yousaf

Liu

Raza

et al. 2020

IET gener. transm. distrib.

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Robustness Evaluation of Fast Breaker Failure Backup Protection in Bipolar HVDC Grids

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Development of a Low-Cost Relay Prototype for Real-Time Power Protection Functions

Development of a Low-Cost Relay Prototype for Real-Time Power Protection Functions

Protection Systems for DC Shipboard Microgrids

Primary and backup fault detection techniques for multi‐terminal HVdc systems: a review

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