Rodent models of insomnia: A review of experimental procedures that induce sleep disturbances

Hypnotic effect of jujubosides from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae

“…To evaluate the hypnotic properties of candidate drugs, compounds are generally administered to rats, and their effects on given properties of the EEG recordings are examined (Revel et al, 2009). Often, the administration occurs during the daytime which in rats corresponds to the resting phase (rats being nocturnal animals).…”

Validation of a novel method to interrupt sleep in the mouse

“…Mice and rats express highly fragmented, polyphasic sleep patterns when compared with the consolidated sleep phase in humans under normal conditions. Hence, it is possible that the effects of SI cannot be compared across such widely divergent species or even that normal rodent sleep could be considered a model of SI in the human (Revel et al, 2009). These issues did not arise for studies based on total sleep deprivation.…”

Novel environment influences the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation upon brain and peripheral cytokine gene expression

“…In animal models, sleep loss can be achieved using a range of methodologies that involve gentle handling, forced movement, exposure to noxious stimuli, and pharamacoloigcal and genetic interventions [5, 23]. Many of these techniques have been devised for use in rodents, and involve partial or nearly-complete deprivation [23].…”

“…Many of these techniques have been devised for use in rodents, and involve partial or nearly-complete deprivation [23]. Sleep in mammals is organized into two states: rapid-eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep.…”