Role Loss and Working-Class Manic Depression

Glassner, Barry; Haldipur, C. V.; Dessauersmith, James

doi:10.1097/00005053-197909000-00003

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…That early episodes are more subject to the influence of life events than later episodes has been suggested by Post 46 and others, 3,6,10,12,14,18,47 but remains controversial. 13,48,49 According to this hypothesis, an association between life events and onset would be expected among manic but not among depressed subjects, because manic patients in our study were younger and had fewer past episodes.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stressful Life Events and Social Rhythm Disruption in the Onset of Manic and Depressive Bipolar Episodes

Malkoff-Schwartz¹,

Frank²,

Anderson³

et al. 1998

Arch Gen Psychiatry

272

186

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stressful Life Events and Social Rhythm Disruption in the Onset of Manic and Depressive Bipolar Episodes

Malkoff-Schwartz¹,

Frank²,

Anderson³

et al. 1998

Arch Gen Psychiatry

272

186

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“…The between-subjects design is problematic for examining processes that unfold within individuals over time. Also, retrospective studies require participants to report on temporal relationships between stress and episodes occurring many years ago (e.g., 10 or more years; Dunner, Patrick, & Fieve, 1979; Glassner, Haldipur, & Dessauersmith, 1979). The process of retrospectively constructing such a timeline is vulnerable to autobiographical memory distortion.…”

Section: General Methodological Issues In Life Stress Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life stress and kindling in bipolar disorder: Review of the evidence and integration with emerging biopsychosocial theories

Bender

Alloy

2011

Clinical Psychology Review

100

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Most life stress literature in bipolar disorder (BD) fails to account for the possibility of a changing relationship between psychosocial context and episode initiation across the course of the disorder. According to Post’s (1992) influential kindling hypothesis, major life stress is required to trigger initial onsets and recurrences of affective episodes, but successive episodes become progressively less tied to stressors and may eventually occur autonomously. Subsequent research on kindling has largely focused on unipolar depression (UD), and the model has been tested in imprecise and inconsistent ways. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate evidence for the kindling model as it applies to BD. We first outline the origins of the hypothesis, the evidence for the model in UD, and the issues needing further clarification. Next, we review the extant literature on the changing relationship between life stress and bipolar illness over time, and find that evidence from the methodologically strongest studies is inconsistent with the kindling hypothesis. We then integrate this existing body of research with two emerging biopsychosocial models of BD: the Behavioral Approach System dysregulation model, and the circadian and social rhythm theory. Finally, we present therapeutic implications and suggestions for future research.

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“…Two cross-sectional studies (Ambelas, 1987; Ambelas, 1979) found that individuals in their first admission for mania had more SLE in the prior month compared with those admitted for recurrence. Other studies (McPherson et al, 1993; Okuma and Shimoyama, 1972; Glassner et al, 1979) have also suggested that SLE are more likely to trigger affective episodes earlier in the disease course compared with later, or that early adversity may result in a greater effect of stress on bipolar recurrence and earlier onset of bipolar disorder (Dienes et al, 2006). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful life events in older bipolar patients

Beyer

Kuchibhatla

Cassidy

et al. 2008

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objective-Theories about the impact of stressful life events (SLE) in bipolar disorder have focused on their role early in the disease. Few studies have examined SLE in older bipolar patients. We wanted to assess the impact of SLE in late life bipolar disorder Methods-We evaluated negative SLE experienced by older bipolar subjects compared with younger bipolar subjects and older controls for number, type, and their association with phase of illness, age of onset, and previous episodes.Results-Both younger and older bipolar subjects have more SLE than similarly aged controls. There was no significant difference in the number of stressors that younger and older bipolar subjects experienced, based on mood state, previous episodes, or age-of-onset. Both older and younger depressed bipolar subjects reported more SLE in the previous 12 months compared with those in a manic state.Conclusions-Negative SLE are much more prevalent in bipolar patients compared with agematched controls, and continue to be frequent in later life.

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Role Loss and Working-Class Manic Depression

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Stressful Life Events and Social Rhythm Disruption in the Onset of Manic and Depressive Bipolar Episodes

Stressful Life Events and Social Rhythm Disruption in the Onset of Manic and Depressive Bipolar Episodes

Life stress and kindling in bipolar disorder: Review of the evidence and integration with emerging biopsychosocial theories

Stressful life events in older bipolar patients

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