Role of ACE2 Gene Expression in Renin Angiotensin System and Its Importance in Covid-19: In Silico Approach

Abstract

We aimed to analyze the expression profile of ACE2 and similar genes with ACE2, predict the number of variations in ACE2, detect the suspected SNPs on ACE2 gene, and perform the pathway analysis of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and protein absorption-digestion. Moreover, we have predicted the generelated diseases with ACE2. STRING was used to analyze functionally similar genes with ACE2. Exome Variant Server, SIFT, Polyphen2 were used to predict the number of variations in ACE2 and detect the suspected SNPs on ACE2. KEGG database and STRING were used to draw pathway of ACE2. Then, DISEASES resource, FitSNPs, UniProt, BioXpress, IGV Browser, Ensembl Genome Browser, and HIGHLIGHTS  ACE2 is also expressed in testis, heart, thyroid, colon, esophagus, breast, pancreas, lung, liver.  Under expression of ACE2 can cause prostate cancer and head and neck cancer.  ACE2 is over-expressed in the small intestine.  Suggesting that over expression of ACE2 in small intesine can cause symptoms of in COVID-19. 2 Kalkanli Tas, S.; et al.

The Important Role of TMPRSS2 Gene in Covid-19 and Prostate Cancer: In Silico Approach

“…Recently, studies have demonstrated that prostate cancer is linked with COVID-19 [33]. Especially, based on a study, prostate cancer patients who received androgen therapy had a lower risk for SARS-COV-2 infection compared to patients who did not (receive androgen deprivation therapy) [20].…”

Linking dysbiosis to precancerous stomach through inflammation: Deeper than and beyond imaging

“…SNPs in TLR-encoding genes, namely TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9, and TLR10 have been associated with H. pylori infection risk and/or chronic gastritis (166, 169-173). On the other hand, carriers of the TLR1 rs4833095 T allele presented decreased risk of infection and chronic atrophic gastritis (173,174). Lower risk of the latter was also observed in individuals carrying the TLR10 rs10004195 T allele, suggesting a potential role of these SNPs in gastric pathogenesis associated with H. pylori (174,175).…”

Adoptive T-cell therapies to overcome T cell-dependent immune dysregulations in COVID-19

“…ACE2 is a well-defined integral membrane metalloproteinase involving in the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) and is highly abundant throughout the body ( Barker and Parkkila, 2020 ; Bourgonje et al, 2020 ; Tas et al, 2020 ; Tay et al, 2020 ). Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are especially present on targeted alveolar epithelial type 2 cells in the human body ( Wiersinga et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are especially present on targeted alveolar epithelial type 2 cells in the human body ( Wiersinga et al, 2020 ). Although ACE2 expressing cells can mainly facilitate cell entry for the virus, the revealed pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 represent that not all organs share the same infection state and outcome, which may be due to different parameters affecting the receptor expression, disease severity, and progress ( Bourgonje et al, 2020 ; Tas et al, 2020 ; Wiersinga et al, 2020 ).…”

“…ACE2 expression is the most abundant in type 2 alveolar cells, epithelial cells of the intestine, vascular endothelial cells, cardiac cells, and proximal tubular cells of the kidney ( Bourgonje et al, 2020 ; Tas et al, 2020 ). Even though lungs are the main concern in COVID-19 patients, clinical outcomes showed that patients face serious tissue damages in their hearts and kidney as well ( Bourgonje et al, 2020 ).…”