Role of antecedent mumps and reovirus infections on the development of type 1 (insuling-dependent) diabetes

Toniolo, Antonio; Conaldi, Pg; Garzelli, Carlo; Benedettini, G; Federico, Giovanni; Saggese, Giuseppe; Vettor, Roberto; Federspil, Giovanni

doi:10.1007/bf00234091

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Such low antibody responses to EBV are not a common feature of other immune-mediated diseases, such as in rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Sjogren's syndrome and multiple sclerosis, where elevated levels of EBV antibodies have been reported (6,7,14,16,20,23,25). In type 1 diabetes, deficient antibody reactivity has been reported with other viruses, including mumps, measles, herpes simplex virus type 1 (11,13), reovirus (22), Coxsackie B (18) and influenza viruses (5), as well as hepatitis B vaccine (9). Total IgG immunoglobulin levels seem to be decreased as well (8,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In type 1 diabetes, deficient antibody reactivity has been reported with other viruses, including mumps, measles, herpes simplex virus type 1 (11,13), reovirus (22), Coxsackie B (18) and influenza viruses (5), as well as hepatitis B vaccine (9). Total IgG immunoglobulin levels seem to be decreased as well (8,22). Several studies have, however, shown elevated antibody levels to Coxsackie B group viruses (reviewed in ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Decreased antibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus

Hyöoty

Räasäanen

Hiltunen

et al. 1991

APMIS

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In this study, antibody levels to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and EBV early antigens (EA) were analysed by enzyme immunoassay in 54 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children and in matched controls. The patients had significantly lower EBV VCA IgG‐class antibody levels (p<0.02). This was true particularly in young patients and in boys (p< 0.005). VCA IgA‐class antibody levels were also decreased in young patients (p<0.02). VCA IgM‐class antibodies were observed in two of the patients only. IgG‐ and IgA‐class antibodies to EBV EA or rubella virus antigen showed no differences between patients and controls. The results suggest that EBV infections coincide with the onset of clinical diabetes relatively rarely. However, the abnormally low antibody response to EBV VCA in diabetic children suggests abnormalities in the EBV‐specific immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased antibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus

Hyöoty

Räasäanen

Hiltunen

et al. 1991

APMIS

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“…The antibody response, e.g. to mumps virus vaccinations and natural virus infections, appears to be weak in patients with type 1 diabetes [15,16]. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether any defect could be detected in the humoral immune responsiveness against enterovirus antigen in young prediabetic children who were followed from birth and began to develop diabetesassociated autoantibodies during prospective observation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus B4 antigen in prediabetic children

Heino

Lönnrot

Knip

et al. 2001

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYEnterovirus infections are a potential environmental trigger of the autoimmune process leading to clinical type 1 diabetes. It has been suggested that the risk of virus-induced beta-cell damage might be connected with a defect in humoral immune responsiveness to enteroviruses. In the present study we assessed whether such a defect in IgG responsiveness to coxsackievirus B4 antigen existed in young children who developed diabetes-associated autoantibodies during prospective observation from birth until the age of 18 months. IgG levels and maturation of antibody avidity were analysed in 21 children with autoantibodies and 41 control children who had experienced an equal number of enterovirus infections and were additionally matched for age, sex and HLA-DQB1 risk alleles for type 1 diabetes but had not produced diabetes-associated autoantibodies. IgG levels to coxsackievirus B4 were high in cord serum reflecting the presence of maternal antibodies. Mean IgG levels gradually decreased but began to increase after the age of 6 months, showing no significant difference between autoantibody positive and control children. The avidity of antibodies was strong in cord serum and decreased gradually during the first year of life when maternal antibodies disappeared. The avidity indices, which varied considerably from child to child, did not differ between the autoantibody-positive and -negative subjects. In conclusion, our data suggest that children affected by a beta-cell damaging autoimmune process show normal responses to coxsackievirus B4 antigens.

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“…Despite the role of HLA genetics in the aetiology of IDDM being well known [3,4] the role of putative environmental factors is not yet understood [5][6][7]. Epidemiologically based standardized surveillance systems provide information on the pattern of IDDM incidence which make comparison of IDDM incidence between countries within close geographical areas possible, thus offering an "indirect" way to trace potential environmental factors in the aetiology of IDDM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992

Padaiga

Tuomilehto²,

Karvonen³

et al. 1997

Diabetologia

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Incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is rising in many areas of the world [1,2]. Despite the role of HLA genetics in the aetiology of IDDM being well known [3,4] the role of putative environmental factors is not yet understood [5][6][7]. Epidemiologically based standardized surveillance systems provide information on the pattern of IDDM incidence which make comparison of IDDM incidence between countries within close geographical areas possible, thus offering an "indirect" way to trace potential environmental factors in the aetiology of IDDM. A collaborative study on the childhood IDDM incidence in countries around the Baltic Sea was started in 1989 named "DIABALT". Short-term data have demonstrated a wide variation in the incidence of IDDM between countries around the Baltic Sea [8,9], from the highest incidence in the world in Finland to one of the lowest within Europe in Poland. In order to obtain more standardized rates for comparison of secular trends in incidence of IDDM in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania the analyses of the data were carried out for the period 1983 to 1992. Subjects and methodsGeographically the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are located on the south-east coast, while Finland is on the northern coast of the Baltic Sea. Genetically and culturally, the population of Finland is homogeneous [10], while Estonia Diabetologia (1997) 40: 187-192 Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992 Summary We present secular trends of childhood onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the period of [1983][1984][1985][1986][1987][1988][1989][1990][1991][1992]. Incidence data were obtained from the national IDDM registries. The average agestandardized incidence per 100 000/year was 35.0 in Finland, followed by 10.2 in Estonia, 7.1 in Lithuania and 6.5 in Latvia. A male excess in incidence was recorded in Finland (1.15) and Latvia (1.01). In all countries, the highest age-specific risk of IDDM was observed in the 11-13 year age range. The large difference in incidence between Finland and other Baltic countries was seen even in 1-2-year-old children. During the 10-year study period overall changes in incidence of IDDM were relatively small in these four countries. The incidence increased in Finland and Lithuania on average by 1 % and 1.4 % per year, respectively. A statistically significant increase was recorded only in 0-4 year old children in Finland, at 5.6 % per year. In Estonia, an 8.3 % increase in this age group, however, was not statistically significant. The different trends in the age-group specific incidence rates were confirmed in Finland. In conclusion, from 1983 to 1992 the incidence of childhood onset IDDM was increasing in Finland and Lithuania, while in Latvia and Estonia it was stable. There are still great differences in IDDM incidence between the countries around the

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Role of antecedent mumps and reovirus infections on the development of type 1 (insuling-dependent) diabetes

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Decreased antibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus

Decreased antibody reactivity to Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus

No evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus B4 antigen in prediabetic children

Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992

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