Role of biofilm in catheter-associated urinary tract infection☆

Trautner, Barbara W.; Darouiche, Rabih O.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2003.08.005

Cited by 366 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Additionally, the catheter also damages the bladder mucosa by triggering inflammatory response and mechanical erosion [30]. Once bacteria gain entry into the urinary tract, low level bacteriuria progresses within 24 to 48 h in the absence of an antimicrobial therapy [31] [32] [33].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Catheter-associated Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Biofilm Forming Bacterial Communities from Urinary Catheter of Patients with Change in Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Triclosan Effect from Different Hospitals of Amravati City Maharashtra, India

Tiwari¹,

Ghnawate²

2017

OJMM

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Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Catheter-associated Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Biofilm Forming Bacterial Communities from Urinary Catheter of Patients with Change in Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Triclosan Effect from Different Hospitals of Amravati City Maharashtra, India

Tiwari¹,

Ghnawate²

2017

OJMM

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“…Surface colonization by biofilm-forming bacteria is initiated by cell contact and adhesion to the surface [11][12][13]. The subsequent biofilm growth can cause highly resistant bacterial infections on medical implants and catheters or impaired industrial equipment [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Trapping of Swimming Bacteria by Convex Walls

et al. 2015

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Swimming bacteria display a remarkable tendency to move along flat surfaces for prolonged times. This behavior may have a biological importance but can also be exploited by using microfabricated structures to manipulate bacteria. The main physical mechanism behind the surface entrapment of swimming bacteria is, however, still an open question. By studying the swimming motion of Escherichia coli cells near microfabricated pillars of variable size, we show that cell entrapment is also present for convex walls of sufficiently low curvature. Entrapment is, however, markedly reduced below a characteristic radius. Using a simple hydrodynamic model, we predict that trapped cells swim at a finite angle with the wall and a precise relation exists between the swimming angle at a flat wall and the critical radius of curvature for entrapment. Both predictions are quantitatively verified by experimental data. Our results demonstrate that the main mechanism for wall entrapment is hydrodynamic in nature and show the possibility of inhibiting cell adhesion, and thus biofilm formation, using convex features of appropriate curvature. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.258104 PACS numbers: 47.63.Gd, 87.17.Jj, 87.18.Ed Self-propelled bacteria living in aqueous media have constant, vivid interactions with their local environment, which may dramatically alter their swimming behavior [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Often, bacterial habitats are physically confined by solid boundaries. Physical interactions with these solid surfaces give rise to a rich variety of dynamical phenomena like steering or rectification of swimming direction [9] and the propulsion of microfabricated structures [10]. Understanding the physical mechanisms behind cell-surface interactions is of crucial importance to design structures that could fully exploit those effects for microfluidic applications. On the other hand, a quantitative understanding of wall entrapment and subsequent adhesion would allow us to design surfaces that hinder unwanted biological processes like biofilm formation. Surface colonization by biofilm-forming bacteria is initiated by cell contact and adhesion to the surface [11][12][13]. The subsequent biofilm growth can cause highly resistant bacterial infections on medical implants and catheters or impaired industrial equipment [14][15][16][17][18][19].Using a tracking microscope, Frymier et al. observed that bacteria display a marked tendency to swim adjacent to wall surfaces [20]. At the beginning, this behavior was attributed to an attractive interaction potential between the cell body and the solid surface. It was later proposed, however, that, while DLVO forces could be responsible for irreversible adhesion, wall entrapment during swimming may have a purely hydrodynamic origin [21,22]. Hydrodynamic effects can indeed give rise to wall entrapment via two distinct mechanisms. The first one is via farfield, dipolar flows that, once reflected by a flat wall, give rise to reorientation parallel to the wall surface as well as an attraction by the wa...

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“…It was also found that there was significant correlation (p=0.27) between patient on long term antibiotic and infection with MDR isolates. Catheter care and frequent change would increase the response to antibiotic therapy (Trautner and Darouiche, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%