Role of Cotton Trichome Density in Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Egg Parasitism

Treacy, M. F.; Benedict, J. H.; Segers, J. C.; Morrison, R. K.; López, J. D.

doi:10.1093/ee/15.2.365

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Reviews on how plant-provided nutrition may aid in biological control are presented by Hagen (1986), Whitman (1994), Jervis and Kidd (1996), and Cortesero et al (2000). Several examples show that predation and parasitism are higher on plants with extrafloral nectar than on plants without extrafloral nectar (Treacy, et al, 1986;Pemberton and Lee, 1996). Clearly, there is the potential that the production of extrafloral nectar could be optimized to increase the efficiency of biological control agents.…”

Section: Exploitation Of Induced Defenses For Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants

Turlings

Wäckers

2004

Advances in Insect Chemical Ecology

300

258

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Section: Exploitation Of Induced Defenses For Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants

Turlings

Wäckers

2004

Advances in Insect Chemical Ecology

300

258

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“…Thus, host plants can impact herbivores directly by influencing their performance and survival, and indirectly by mediating the effects of natural enemies (Lawton and McNeill 1979;Price et al 1980). For instance, predatorprey and parasite-host interactions can be modified by host plants such that enemy effects on herbivore populations are either enhanced (Kareiva 1987;Dicke and Sabelis 1988;Kareiva and Sahakian 1990;Turlings et al 1990Turlings et al , 1998Takabayashi et al 1998;English-Loeb et al 1999) or diminished (Campbell and Duffey 1979;Treacy et al 1986;Kauffman and Kennedy 1989;Espelie et al 1991;Bottrell et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal shift from bottom-up to top-down impact in phytophagous insect populations

2003

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Although many studies now examine how multiple factors influence the dynamics of herbivore populations, few studies explicitly attempt to document where and when each is important and how they vary and interact. In fact, how temporal variation in top-down (natural enemies) and bottom-up (host plant resources) factors affect herbivore dynamics has been suggested as a particularly important yet poorly understood feature of terrestrial food webs. In this study we examined how temporal changes in predator density (wolf spiders, sheet-web builders, and mirid egg predators) and host-plant resources (plant quality and structural complexity) influence the population dynamics of the dominant phytophagous insects on Atlantic-coast salt marshes, namely Prokelisia planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae). We designed a factorial experiment in meadows of Spartina alterniflora to mimic natural variation in vegetation quality and structure by establishing two levels of plant nutrition (leaf nitrogen content) by fertilization, and two levels of habitat complexity by adding leaf litter (thatch). We then assessed seasonal changes in the strength of bottom-up (plant quality) and top-down (predator) impacts on planthopper populations. Planthopper populations responded positively to increased plant quality treatments in late summer. Despite the greater number of planthopper adults colonizing fertilized Spartina plots compared to unfertilized controls, the offspring of these colonists were much less abundant at the end of the season in fertilized plots, particularly those with thatch. The initial colonization effect was later erased because arthropod predators selectively accumulated in fertilized plots where they inflicted significant mortality on all stages of planthoppers. Predators rapidly colonized fertilized plots and reached high densities well in advance of planthopper colonization, a response we attribute to their rapid aggregation in complex-structured habitats with readily available alternative prey. Our results suggest that plant resources not only mediate the strength of predator impacts on herbivore populations, but they also promote the coupling of predator and prey populations and thus influence when enemy impacts are realized.

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“…When the parasitoids land on a plant, trichomes and their exudates may reduce the wasps' walking speed or even trap them, thus, inhibiting their ability to locate a host (Rabb & Bradley, 1968;Treacy et al, 1985Treacy et al, , 1986Keller, 1987;Kauffman & Kennedy, 1989;Kashyap et al, 1991). Five trichome types have been identified from pigeonpea .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis

Romeis

Shanower

Zebitz

1998

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Several plant characters are known to affect the searching behaviour and parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). In this study, plant characters contributing to the low Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg parasitism levels on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) were investigated. The efficiency of T. chilonis on pigeonpea was dependent on the plant structure on which the host eggs were found. In a cage experiment, more than 55% of eggs placed on leaves were parasitized, while 1% of eggs on calyxes and no eggs on pods were parasitized. In a filter paper bioassay, parasitoids were deterred by acetone and hexane surface extracts from pigeonpea pods but showed no response to water extract. The searching behaviour of the parasitoids was not affected by different solvent extracts from the surface of pigeonpea leaves. In a four-armed airflow olfactometer, T. chilonis was repelled by volatiles from pigeonpea pods but showed no response to volatiles derived from hexane extract of pod surfaces. Volatile infochemicals and hexane surface extracts from pods of two wild Cajanus species, C. scarabaeoides (L.) Thours and C. platycarpus (Bentham) van der Maesen, were similarly deterrent to T. chilonis. The movement of the parasitoids on pigeonpea pods and calyxes was inhibited by long trichomes and wasps were trapped by sticky trichome exudates. Parasitoids walked significantly faster on leaves than on pods. The walking speed on both pods and leaves increased significantly after washing with hexane. The results presented in this paper show that the plant growth stage and the plant structures preferred by H. armigera for oviposition are the least suitable for T. chilonis, contributing to the low parasitoid efficiency on pigeonpea.

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Role of Cotton Trichome Density in Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Egg Parasitism

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants

Recruitment of predators and parasitoids by herbivore-injured plants

Seasonal shift from bottom-up to top-down impact in phytophagous insect populations

Physical and chemical plant characters inhibiting the searching behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis

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