Role of ligninolytic enzymes of white rot fungi (Pleurotus spp.) grown with azo dyes

Abstract

BackgroundTotal three Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus, P. sapidus, P. florida) was compared for ligninolytic enzyme production grown with Coralene Golden Yellow, Coralene Navy Blue and Coralene Dark Red azo dyes in liquid medium under shaking condition.ResultsThe biodegradation competency varied from species to species and it was found that P. ostreatus, P. sapidus and P. florida to 20 ppm dye concentration shows 88, 92 and 98 % decolorization, respectively for all three dyes. Production pattern of laccase, manganese dependent peroxidase and lignin peroxidase were studied during the growth of the organisms for 10 days. Laccase was found to be the major extracellular ligninolytic enzyme produced by fungus with negligible detection of lignin peroxidases. In all concentration of three dye studied, maximum laccase activity was observed on day 8, for 20 mg/l of dye laccase specific activity was 1–1.58 U/mg in P. ostreatus, 0.5–0.78 U/mg in P. sapidus and 1–1.92 U/mg in P. florida. Different factors (dye concentration, pH, protein and sugar estimation) influencing the ability of Pleurotus species to degrade dyes is documented and degradation was attributed to microbial action irrespective of pH change. HPTLC analysis of samples indicated degradation of dyes into intermediate products.ConclusionLevel of ligninolytic enzymes is playing a major role in degradation of dye, which is dependent on time of incubation and species of fungi.

Bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in methylene blue: Solid and liquid culture media

“…This does not represent the lowest potential bioremediator since this isolate presented steady growth with less reduction in growth as a result of the increase in the dye concentration and the discoloration, indicating degradation of the chemical compound according to Kundjadia et al (2016). Isolates DF39, EF58, FUS and PS have the potential to degrade the dye, even with a smaller diameter for the mycelial growth, as observed with the DF39 isolate in the solid medium.…”

“…E Abo-State et al (2011) also associate the process of discoloration of the culture medium with methylene blue by the action of the laccase enzyme, which belongs to peroxidase and is commonly synthesized by white rot fungi. The degradation of dyes by fungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, P. Florida, and P. sapidus, was quantified by Kundjadia et al (2016), who observed the discoloration of 88 to 98% of the dye. In this present study, it was not possible to quantify the percentage of degradation of the dye in the solid medium, although discoloration of the culture medium was observed with isolates DF39, EF58, FUS, and PS, indicating the degradation of the dye.…”

“…This enzyme can be synthesized by filamentous fungi, such as Pleurotus (Kundjadia et al, 2016;Skariyachanet al, 2016), Fusarium (Wu;Nian, 2013), Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Rhizopus (Monssef;Hassan;Ramadan, 2016), and by bacteria (Sondiet al, 2014, Ausec et al, 2015Chowdhary, 2015).…”

“…Fungi and bacteria produce oxidative enzymes that are capable of breaking aromatic rings and/or double bonds as well as promoting discoloration, which indicates the biodegradation of the chemical compound, and they contribute to a reduction in environmental pollution (Al-Jawhari, 2015;Sumandono et al, 2015;Kundjadia et al, 2016).…”

Biorremediación del Colorante Negro Azoico por Levadura Inmovilizada en Gelatina

“…El decrecimiento en la absorción del colorante, después de ser sometido a la actividad enzimática del microorganismo, indica que la decoloración del colorante fue debido a la degradación del colorante [13], [14]. Pero, debido a las aminas generadas por el rompimiento del enlace azo, el pH de las aguas residuales aumenta [15], lo que limita la supervivencia de microorganismos en estos cuerpos acuosos.…”