Role of lipid mediators and control of lymphocyte responses in type 2 immunopathology

Abstract

Type 2 immunopathology is a cardinal feature of allergic diseases and involves cooperation between adaptive immunity and innate effector responses. Virtually all cell types relevant to this pathology generate leukotriene and/or prostaglandin mediators that derive from arachidonic acid, express receptors for such mediators, or both. Recent studies highlight prominent functions for these mediators in communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as amplification or suppression of type 2 effector responses. This review focuses on recent advances and insights, and highlights existing and potential therapeutic applications of drugs that target these mediators or their receptors, with a special emphasis on their regulation of the innate and adaptive lymphocytes relevant to type 2 immunopathology.

Distinct Type 2-high Inflammation Associated Molecular Signatures of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps with Comorbid Asthma

“…Moreover, the increased expression of ALOX15B in CRSwNP+AS might have an active proin ammatory role [50]. Collectively, these ndings suggest that enhanced activity of arachidonic acid metabolism might help to augment type 2 in ammation in CRSwNP+AS [51,52].…”

The Biology of Prostaglandins and Their Role as a Target for Allergic Airway Disease Therapy

“…Eosinophilic inflammation caused by intercellular reactions leads to epithelial mucus hypersecretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway remodeling. PGs affect all stages of this reaction [35] ( Figure 2). [32].…”

Potential of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (Clove) Leaf Extract on Immune Proliferation Response in Balb/c Mice Infected with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>

“…Lymphocytes are mediators of the adaptive immune response [31]. Lymphocytes are divided into B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.…”

“…In addition, lymphocyte proliferation will affect CD4 + cells, then cause Th1 cells to be activated. Th1 cells that are activated will affect the Specific Macrophage Activating Factor which could activate macrophages [31]. Adaptive immune response is a form of immunity mediated by lymphocyte mediators as the main driving motor after stimulation from antigen exposure as an infectious agent [16].…”