Role of localized graphitization on the electrical and magnetic properties of activated carbon

Raj, K.; Joy, P. A.

doi:10.1111/jace.15035

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…During the activation temperature of 700°C, the formation of micro‐ and meso porosity could not form due to the inadequate KOH etching process . When activation temperature rises from 850 to 1000°C, surface area and porosity properties decreased significantly due to the collapsing of porous structure caused by over activation . It is an important observation that the surface area and micro‐ and meso volume of LHPC‐850 are approximately 23% higher than PPC‐850.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO₂ capture applications

et al. 2018

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Summary The present study reports the economic and sustainable syntheses of functional porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO2 capture applications. Lignin, a byproduct of pulp and paper industry, was successfully converted into a series of heteroatom‐doped porous carbons (LHPCs) through a hydrothermal carbonization followed by a chemical activating treatment. The prepared carbons include in the range of 2.5 to 5.6 wt% nitrogen and 54 wt% oxygen in its structure. All the prepared carbons exhibit micro‐ and mesoporous structures with a high surface area in the range of 1788 to 2957 m2 g−1. As‐prepared LHPCs as an active electrode material and CO2 adsorbents were investigated for supercapacitor and CO2 capture applications. Lignin‐derived heteroatom‐doped porous carbon 850 shows an outstanding gravimetric specific capacitance of 372 F g−1 and excellent cyclic stability over 30,000 cycles in 1 M KOH. Lignin‐derived heteroatom‐doped porous carbon 700 displays a remarkable CO2 capture capacity of up to 4.8 mmol g−1 (1 bar and 298 K). This study illustrates the effective transformation of a sustainable waste product into a highly functional carbon material for energy storage and CO2 separation applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO₂ capture applications

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, Figure 2d clearly shows that highly ordered microdomains were located around pores for HC-800-4; this could be explained by deposition of recondensed/repolymerized volatiles and/or a higher extent of catalytic graphitization by locally available metallic potassium. 32,33 HC-800-4 also exhibited a certain number of small closed pores, as shown in Figure 2e. This finding was a bit unexpected since much higher annealing temperatures (typically above 1000 °C) are required for developing closed porosity.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Waste Hemp Hurd as a Sustainable Precursor for Affordable and High-Rate Hard Carbon-Based Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2023

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The present study reports the promising potential of waste hemp-hurd-derived carbons as anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Carbons were produced through an easily scalable process consisting of pyrolysis of raw biomass at 500 °C followed by mild chemical activation of the resulting char through wet impregnation with K2CO3 and subsequent heating of the solid phase (after filtration and drying) up to 700 or 800 °C under nitrogen. The best electrochemical performance was observed for the hard carbon activated at a char-K2CO3 mass ratio of 1:4 and heated up to 800 °C, which exhibited an excellent initial coulombic efficiency (73%) and achieved reversible charge capacities of 267 and 79 mAh g–1 at 0.03 and 1 A g–1, respectively. This material also exhibited an impressive cyclic stability and rate capability, with a capacity retention of 96% after 300 cycles at a current density of 2 A g–1. This more than satisfactory performance could be related to the textural and structural features of the hard carbon, which include moderate interconnected microporosity (with pore sizes below 1 nm), an appropriate concentration of defects in the carbon structure, relatively large interplanar distances, and a certain number of closed pores.

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“…The raw coal was heated at a fixed rate of N 2 flow (200 mL/min) for 30 min by the electric furnace (Carbolite-VST 12/300, UK) at 600 °C (10 °C/min) to remove the volatile matter and other lightweight compounds. The sample was then ground and sieved to <63 μm and was consequently activated by the potassium hydroxide (KOH) at a ratio of 1:4 (coal:KOH) followed by carbonization at a temperature of 900 °C [ 35 ]. According to sample weight percentage, the Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O (≥99.95%) (Merck, Germany) catalyst was mixed overnight with a sample at 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, and then 0.1 M ammonia solution (25%) was used individually and stirred for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Investigation of the Synthesized Few-Layer Graphene from Coal under Microwave

et al. 2021

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This study focused on the structural investigation of few-layer graphene (FLG) synthesis from bituminous coal through a catalytic process under microwave heat treatment (MW). The produced FLG has been examined by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and AFM. Coal was activated using the potassium hydroxide activation process. The FLG synthesis processing duration was much faster requiring only 20 min under the microwave radiation. To analyse few-layer graphene samples, we considered the three bands, i.e., D, G, and 2D, of Raman spectra. At 1300 °C, the P10% Fe sample resulted in fewer defects than the other catalyst percentages sample. The catalyst percentages affected the structural change of the FLG composite materials. In addition, the Raman mapping showed that the catalyst loaded sample was homogeneously distributed and indicated a few-layer graphene sheet. In addition, the AFM technique measured the FLG thickness around 4.5 nm. Furthermore, the HRTEM images of the P10% Fe sample contained a unique morphology with 2–7 graphitic layers of graphene thin sheets. This research reported the structural revolution with latent feasibility of FLG synthesis from bituminous coal in a wide range.

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Role of localized graphitization on the electrical and magnetic properties of activated carbon

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO₂ capture applications

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO₂ capture applications

Waste Hemp Hurd as a Sustainable Precursor for Affordable and High-Rate Hard Carbon-Based Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Structural Investigation of the Synthesized Few-Layer Graphene from Coal under Microwave

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Role of localized graphitization on the electrical and magnetic properties of activated carbon

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO2 capture applications

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO2 capture applications

Waste Hemp Hurd as a Sustainable Precursor for Affordable and High-Rate Hard Carbon-Based Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Structural Investigation of the Synthesized Few-Layer Graphene from Coal under Microwave

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Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO₂ capture applications

Lignin-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons for supercapacitor and CO₂ capture applications