Role of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction

Jeong, Euy Myoung; Chung, Jaehoon; Liu, Hong; Go, Yeongju; Gladstein, Scott; Farzaneh‐Far, Afshin; Lewandowski, E. Douglas; Dudley, Samuel C.

doi:10.1161/jaha.115.003046

Cited by 100 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Accordingly, mice with overexpression of a mitochondrially-targeted catalase show reduced ROS release and do not develop insulin resistance despite a high-fat diet (14). Recently, it was also shown that a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant prevents insulin resistance and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative stress may be involved in both conditions (16). …”

Section: Obesity Diabetes and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution

Niemann

Rohrbach

Miller

et al. 2017

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

282

177

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Oxidative stress occurs whenever the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity. In this paper, we review the specific role of several cardiovascular risk factors in promoting oxidative stress, namely diabetes, obesity, smoking, and excessive pollution. Specifically, the risk of developing heart failure is higher in patients with diabetes or obesity, even with optimal medical treatment, and the increased release of ROS from cardiac mitochondria and other sources likely contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this setting. Here, we explore the role of different ROS sources arising in obesity and diabetes, and the impact of excessive ROS production on the development of cardiac lipotoxicity. In parallel, contaminants in the air that we breathe pose a significant threat to human health. This paper provides an overview of cigarette smoke and urban air pollution, considering how their composition and biological effects have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health.

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Section: Obesity Diabetes and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution

Niemann

Rohrbach

Miller

et al. 2017

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

282

177

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“…Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial antioxidant capacity following MitoTEMPO treatment improved insulin sensitivity and preserved cardiovascular function in animals with metabolic syndrome or diabetes, as well as in aged animals . Analysis of ROS‐sensitive networks, particularly those associated with MitoTEMPO treatment, highlighted that increased mitochondrial ROS in the metabolically diseased heart disrupts the normal coupling between cytosolic signals and nuclear gene programs underpinning mitochondrial respiratory function, antioxidant capacity, Ca 2+ handling and action potential repolarization …”

Section: Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions To Target Mitochmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered mitochondrial metabolism in the insulin‐resistant heart

et al. 2019

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Obesity‐induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus can ultimately result in various complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this case, cardiac dysfunction is characterized by metabolic disturbances such as impaired glucose oxidation and an increased reliance on fatty acid (FA) oxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction has often been associated with the altered metabolic function in the diabetic heart, and may result from FA‐induced lipotoxicity and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we address the metabolic changes in the diabetic heart, focusing on the loss of metabolic flexibility and cardiac mitochondrial function. We consider the alterations observed in mitochondrial substrate utilization, bioenergetics and dynamics, and highlight new areas of research which may improve our understanding of the cause and effect of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. Finally, we explore how lifestyle (nutrition and exercise) and pharmacological interventions can prevent and treat metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes.

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“…Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of reduced glucose tolerance [24]. Antioxidant compounds with antihyperglycemic activities may be the best way to ameliorate the condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Pisum sativum

Zilani

Sultana

Rahman

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundConsumption of vegetables has been proven to be effective in the prevention of different diseases. Traditionally edible aerial part of Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum (Fabaceae) is used to treat diabetes, heart diseases and as blood purifier. Present study was aimed to explore the traditional use of aerial parts of P. sativum as a source of antidiabetic agent. In addition, antioxidant activity and chemical composition was carried out.MethodsTotal polyphenol content was spectrophotometrically determined using Folin Chiocalteu’s reagent while the flavonoids by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Identification of compounds of the extract was made through HPLC and LCMS. Antihyperglycemic activity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test in mice. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power assay.ResultsTotal polyphenol and total flavonoids content were found to be 51.23 mg gallic acid equivalent and 30.88 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dried plant extract respectively. Ellagic acid and p-coumeric acid were detected through HPLC. A total of eight compounds including naringenin, β-sitosterol were indentified through LCMS. In OGTT, extract (200 mg/kg bw) showed a 30.24% decrease (P< 0.05) in blood glucose levels at 30 min compared to the normal control. The extract showed IC50 value of 158.52 μg/mL in DPPH scavenging assay and also showed comparable reducing power.ConclusionAlong with other compounds ellagic acid and β-sitosterol present in the extract may be responsible for its antioxidant as well as antihyperglycemic activities. Altogether these results rationalize the use of this vegetable in traditional medicine.

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Role of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction

Cited by 100 publications

References 39 publications

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution

Altered mitochondrial metabolism in the insulin‐resistant heart

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Pisum sativum

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