Role of polyisoprenoids in tobacco resistance against biotic stresses

Abstract

Infection with avirulent pathogens, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induced accumulation of polyisoprenoid alcohols, solanesol and a family of polyprenols [from polyprenol composed of 14 isoprene units (Pren-14) to -18, with Pren-16 dominating] in the leaves of resistant tobacco plants Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN. Upon TMV infection, solanesol content was increased seven- and eight-fold in the inoculated and upper leaves, respectively, while polyprenol content was increased 2.5- and 2-fold in the inoculated and upper leaves, respectively, on the seventh day post-infection. Accumulation of polyisoprenoid alcohols was also stimulated by exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide but not by exogenous salicylic acid (SA). On the contrary, neither inoculation of the leaves of susceptible tobacco plants nor wounding of tobacco leaves caused an increase in polyisoprenoid content. Taken together, these results indicate that polyisoprenoid alcohols might be involved in plant resistance against pathogens. A putative role of accumulated polyisoprenoids in plant response to pathogen attack is discussed. Similarly, the content of plastoquinone (PQ) was increased two-fold in TMV-inoculated and upper leaves of resistant plants. Accumulation of PQ was also stimulated by hydrogen peroxide, bacteria (P. syringae) and SA. The role of PQ in antioxidant defense in cellular membranous compartments is discussed in the context of the enzymatic antioxidant machinery activated in tobacco leaves subjected to viral infection. Elevated activity of several antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, especially the CuZn superoxide dismutase isoform) and high, but transient elevation of catalase was found in inoculated leaves of resistant tobacco plants but not in susceptible plants.

Distribution, occurrence, and cluster analysis of new polyprenyl acetones and other polyisoprenoids from North Sumatran mangro

“…Therefore, the occurrence of dolichols in all tissues observed implies that polyprenols may not play an important role in mangrove plants, although the function of polyprenols in the plant world remains obscure. The accumulation of plant polyisoprenoids have been reported to change in ages Tateyama et al, 1999;Basyuni et al, 2016), season , and important for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress (Zhang et al, 2008;Bajda et al, 2009;Baczewska et al, 2014). Therefore, finding a source of certainly obtainable polysioprenoids should be consideration to the importance of this investigation.…”

“…Long-chain rubber-like polyisoprenoids occur in mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa . In addition, the content of polyisoprenoids altered in tissue or organ with stage of development and upon abiotic or biotic stress (Daniels & Hemming, 1990;Swiezewska et al, 1994;Tateyama et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2008;Bajda et al, 2009;Baczewska et al, 2014).…”

Polyprenols Are Synthesized by a Plastidial cis-Prenyltransferase and Influence Photosynthetic Performance

“…In plants, these compounds have historically been considered dispensable and therefore classified as "secondary metabolites" (Surmacz and Swiezewska, 2011). However, their widespread occurrence throughout the plant kingdom suggests otherwise and points toward a more primary role for polyprenols in plant cellular metabolism (Bajda et al, 2009).…”

Sugar availability modulates polyisoprenoid and phytosterol profiles in Arabidopsis thaliana hairy root culture

“…On the other hand, the role of phosphorylated dolichols as cofactors in protein glycosylation and glycosylphosphoinositol (GPI) anchor synthesis in eukaryotic cells is well characterized [11][12][13]. Recently, a new function for dolichols and polyprenols has been proposed -as a shield against reactive oxygen species (ROS) [14].…”